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Yin wasa da ƙa'idodin jazz tare da salon gaske yana ɗaya daga cikin ƙalubalen da ya fi dacewa da mawaƙa. Ya wuce karanta bayanan rubutu daga takardar jagora. Gaskiya ta ainihi tana buƙatar ɗaukar harshen jazz, nazarin masanan, da haɓaka muryar sirri wanda ke girmama al'ada da kuma tura iyakokin kirkira. Ko kai sabon shiga ne ko mai kunnawa mai ƙwarewa, wannan jagorar zai taimaka maka ka zurfafa alaƙarka da ƙa'idodin jazz kuma ka yi su da tabbaci.

Fahimtar Ka'idodin Jazz

Ka'idodin jazz sune kashin baya na kundin. Waɗannan waƙoƙi ne da marasa adadi suka rubuta kuma suka sake fassara su a cikin shekarun da suka gabata, suna samar da ƙamus mai raɗaɗi wanda kowane mai kunna jazz ya kamata ya sani. Don kunna su da gaske, dole ne ku fahimci asalin su, tsari, da kuma al'adun salo waɗanda suka sa su dace da maganin jazz.

Yawancin ka'idodin jazz sun fito ne daga littafin Great American Songbook ayyukan mawaƙa kamar George Gershwin, Cole Porter, Irving Berlin, da Richard Rodgers. Sauran sun fito ne daga waƙoƙin Broadway, fina-finai na Hollywood, ko waƙoƙin da aka fi so daga farkon ƙarni na 20. Lokacin da kuka koyi ka'ida, ku ɗauki lokaci don bincika mahallin asali. Shin an rubuta shi don wani wasan kwaikwayo na musamman? Wanene ya gabatar da shi? Menene ainihin saurin da yanayi? Wannan bayanan yana ba da bayani game da fassarar ku kuma yana taimaka muku girmama niyyar mawaƙa yayin da kuke yin waƙar kanku.

Bayan tarihi, bincika nau'in. Yawancin ƙa'idodi suna bin AABA (32 sanduna), ABAC, ko tsarin blues. Gane waɗannan ƙirar yana ba ku damar yin tafiya cikin sautin da tabbaci da tsammanin alamun jituwa. Kula da waƙa: ana tsara waƙoƙin jazz sau da yawa tare da ƙira da ƙira waɗanda ke ƙayyade yanayin sautin. Koyi waƙa da waƙoƙin daga kayan aikinka; wannan haɗewar shine mabuɗin don yin magana da motsin rai da tsabta.

Yadda Za Mu Yi Jituwa

Harshen jazz yana da wadatacce kuma mai rikitarwa, yana wucewa fiye da triads da kuma sautin bakwai mai sauƙi.

Ƙarfafawa da Canje-canje a Cikin Sautin

A cikin daidaitattun jazz chords yawanci sun haɗa da tushen, na uku, na biyar, na bakwai, da kuma ƙara tashin hankali (9th, 11th, 13th). Misali, Cmaj7 galibi yakan zama Cmaj9 ko Cmaj13 a cikin mahallin. Mahimman chords sau da yawa suna haɗa da tara ko kaifi tara, goma sha uku, da sauran canje-canje. Koyi don gano waɗannan tsawo ta kunne da kayan aikinka. Yi nazarin yadda suke shafar sauti da yadda za a iya furta su ta hanyoyi daban-daban.

Sauyawa na Sautin Sautin Sautin Sautin Sautin Sautin Sautin Sautin Sautin Sautin Sautin Sautin Sautin Sautin Sautin Sautin Sautin Sautin Sautin Sautin Sautin Sautin Sautin Sautin Sautin Sautin Sautin Sautin Sautin Sautin Sautin Sautin Sautin Sautin Sautin Sautin Sautin Sautin Sautin Sautin Sautin Sautin Sautin Sautin Sautin Sautin Sautin Sautin Sautin Sautin Sautin Sautin Sautin Sautin Sautin Sautin Sautin Sautin Sautin Sautin Sautin Sautin Sautin Sautin Sautin Sautin Sautin Sautin Sautin Sautin Sautin Sautin Sautin Sautin Sautin Sautin Sautin Sautin Sautin Sautin Sautin Sautin Sautin Sautin Sautin Sautin Sautin Sautin Sautin Sautin Sautin Sautin Sautin Sautin Sautin Sautin Sautin Sautin Sautin Sautin Sautin Sautin Sautin Sautin Sautin Sautin Sautin Sautin Sautin Sautin Sautin Sautin Sautin Sautin Sautin Sautin Sautin Sautin Sautin Sautin Sautin Sautin Sautin Sautin Sautin Sa

Masu kida na jazz ba sa buga ainihin matakan da aka rubuta a cikin takardar jagora. Suna amfani da maye gurbin don ƙirƙirar motsi mai ban sha'awa.

  • Sauyawa da Tritone: Sauyawa da madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin
  • Rage ƙarancin ƙarancin ƙarancin ƙarancin ƙarancin ƙarancin ƙarancin ƙarancin ƙarancin ƙarancin ƙarancin ƙarancin ƙarancin ƙarancin ƙarancin ƙarancin ƙarancin ƙarancin ƙarancin ƙarancin ƙarancin ƙarancin ƙarancin ƙarancin ƙarancin ƙarancin ƙarancin ƙarancin ƙarancin ƙarancin ƙarancin ƙarancin ƙarancin ƙarancin ƙarancin ƙarancin ƙarancin ƙarancin ƙarancin ƙarancin ƙarancin ƙarancin ƙarancin ƙarancin ƙarancin ƙarancin ƙarancin ƙarancin ƙarancin ƙarancin ƙarancin ƙarancin ƙarancin ƙarancin ƙarancin ƙarancin ƙarancin ƙarancin ƙarancin ƙarancin ƙarancin ƙarancin ƙarancin ƙarancin ƙarancin ƙarancin ƙarancin ƙarancin ƙarancin ƙarancin ƙarancin ƙarancin ƙarancin ƙarancin ƙarancin ƙarancin ƙarancin ƙarancin ƙarancin ƙarancin ƙarancin ƙarancin ƙarancin ƙarancin ƙ
  • FLT:0]]ii-V ci gaba: Fadada madaidaitan juzu'i ta hanyar saka wani ii kafin V (misali, Dm7-G7 maimakon kawai G7).
  • ]Reharmonization: ] Canza tsarin jituwa na wani sashe gaba ɗaya yayin da yake kiyaye waƙa ba tare da lalacewa ba.

Yi amfani da waɗannan maye gurbin a kan ƙa'idodi na yau da kullun kamar “Autumn Leaves,” “All the Things You Are,” ko “Misty.” Saurari yadda mawaƙa da mawaƙa ke yin waƙa, kuma kuyi ƙoƙarin kwaikwayon waɗannan muryoyin.

Ƙarfin murya

Sautin murya mai santsi shine abin da ke sa jituwa ta jazz ta kasance mai haɗuwa da gangan. Lokacin da kake motsawa daga kirtani zuwa kirtani, kiyaye sautunan yau da kullun a wuri kuma motsa wasu muryoyi a mataki-mataki duk lokacin da zai yiwu. Sautin murya yana amfani da duka biyu don yin waƙa da solo: lokacin da kake tsara canje-canje a cikin wani ingantawa, haɗa sautunan kirtani tare da sautunan wucewa da sautunan maƙwabta don sauti mai gudana.

Ka yi amfani da littafi ko takarda mai kyau a matsayin farawa, amma ka wuce canje-canje na asali. Ka rubuta matakan da kake so ka yi da kuma maye gurbinsa. Ka bincika jituwa da manyan masu wasa don ka ga yadda suke yin jituwa.

Yadda Za Ka Ƙware a Yin Ƙa'ida da Ƙa'ida

Jazz rhythm yana da ban mamaki, an gina shi a kan swing, syncopation, da kuma mai sassauƙa amma mai daidaituwa.

Yadda Za a Ji Ƙarfin

Ba a buga sautin takwas daidai ba. Maimakon haka, ana buga su da sautin da ya danganci triplete: na farko na takwas na nau'i yana da kusan ninki biyu na tsawon na biyu. Sakamakon daidai ya bambanta ta hanyar saurin da saloup-tempo swing kusan madaidaiciya ne, yayin da sallan sallan jinkiri suna da sautin triplete. Don haɓaka swing, yi aiki tare da saitin metronome akan bugun 2 da 4 (backbeat) kuma yi wasa da sikelin ko ƙira ta amfani da swing eighths. Saurari tsarin tafiyar da drummer kamar Philly Joe Jones ko Jimmy Cobb; tafiyar shine mai ƙididdigar lokaci na swing.

Ƙarfafawa da Ƙarfafawa

Jazz melodies sau da yawa jaddada off-beats, samar da wani ji na gaba momentum. Accents a kan “da” na beats, tsammanin, da kuma jinkirin hare-hare ne halaye na style.

Sauƙin Lokaci

Masu kida na jazz suna wasa da lokaci, ba a kan shi ba. Za su iya hanzarta ko ja wasu jimloli don samun sakamako mai bayyanawa. Maɓalli shi ne su riƙe da bugun jini mai ƙarfi yayin da suke ba da damar sakin layi. Wannan ƙwarewar tana haɓaka a tsawon shekaru na wasa tare da sassan sautin mai kyau. Wani motsa jiki: yi aiki da waƙa a kan metronome a 2 da 4, sannan ka yi ƙoƙarin kunna wani abu a gaba da bugun kan wasu jimloli da baya a wasu. Rubuta kanka don jin tasirin.

Hanyar Yin Ƙari

Lokacin da kake rakiyar, ya kamata ka yi waƙa ta hanyar aiki da kuma sautin. Koyi wasu sautin sautin sautin yau da kullunshort jab chords, tsarin syncopated, da kuma layin bass na tafiya (ga pianists da guitarists). Saurari manyan masu rakiyar kamar Wynton Kelly (piano) ko Freddie Green (gitar) kuma ku kwaikwayi hanyoyin su.

Sauraro da Rubuta

Babu wani abu da zai iya sa ka yi amfani da salon da ya fi saurin sauraro da kuma rubutun kalmomi. Wannan shi ne yadda za ka fahimci yadda ake yin magana da kalmomi da kuma ƙamus da kuma yin amfani da su a yau da kullum.

Sauraron da ke da Muhimmanci

Ka saurari rikodi da yawa na misali guda. Ka kwatanta fassarorin da masu fasaha da kuma zamanin daban-daban suka yi. Ka lura da zaɓin sautin, canje-canje a tsarin, salon sake fasalin, da kuma jin daɗi gaba ɗaya. Ka tambayi kanka: me ya sa wannan fassarorin ke aiki? Menene ya sa ta yi rawar jiki? Yaya mawaƙa yake da alaƙa da jituwa? Ka yi la'akari da abin da ka ji.

Alal misali, kwatanta Miles Davis da John Coltrane. Yi nazarin hanyoyi daban-daban na wasa da waƙa: Chet Baker ta sauƙi na lyrics vs. Dizzy Gillespie ta virtuosic lines. Gina ɗakin karatu na tunani na sauti.

Tsarin Kwafi

Fara da rubuta gajerun kalmomibiyu zuwa hudu a lokaci guda. Kada ku rubuta komai a farkon; yi ƙoƙarin koyon kalmar ta kunne kuma ku kunna ta a kan kayan aikinku. Da zarar kun iya kunna ta daidai, rubuta ta a cikin rubutu don taimakawa wajen nazarin ta.

Ka mai da hankali ga mawaƙa da suka dace da kayan aikinka. Don masu ƙwanƙwasa ƙwanƙwasa, ka yi nazarin Clifford Brown, Freddie Hubbard, ko Chet Baker. Don masu saxofon, Charlie Parker, Sonny Rollins, ko Dexter Gordon. Don masu ƙwanƙwasa ƙarami (trombone, bass trombone), ka saurari J.J. Johnson, Curtis Fuller, Robin Eubanks, ko Marshall Gilkes. Ka lura da magana, vibrato, da kuma ikon sarrafawa.

Ka rubuta waƙa ba kawai a kan waƙa ba amma kuma a kan waƙa da ke sa waƙa, da kuma a kan waƙa da ke sa waƙa ta yi wasa.

Hanyoyin Ingantawa

Improvisation shine zuciyar jazz. Yana da inda kake nuna fahimtar ka na jituwa, rhythm, da kuma waƙa yayin da kake bayyana halinka na musamman. Ga takamaiman dabaru don bunkasa ƙamus na improvisation:

Ka Koyi Yadda Za Ka Yi Amfani da Girma da Yanayin

Don kowane irin ƙarar, ka san ma'auni da kuma yanayin da ya dace:

  • Babban akwatunan bakwai: Ionian (babban sikelin) ko Lydian (babban tare da ɗaga 4th) don sauti mai haske.
  • Ƙananan ƙaramin ƙaramin ƙaramin ƙaramin ƙaramin ƙaramin ƙaramin ƙaramin ƙaramin ƙaramin ƙaramin ƙaramin ƙaramin ƙaramin ƙaramin ƙaramin ƙaramin ƙaramin ƙaramin ƙaramin ƙaramin ƙaramin ƙaramin ƙaramin ƙaramin ƙaramin ƙaramin ƙaramin ƙaramin ƙaramin ƙaramin ƙaramin ƙaramin ƙaramin ƙaramin ƙaramin ƙaramin ƙaramin ƙaramin ƙaramin ƙaramin ƙaramin ƙaramin ƙaramin ƙaramin ƙaramin ƙaramin ƙaramin ƙaramin ƙaramin ƙaramin ƙaramin ƙaramin ƙaramin ƙaramin ƙaramin ƙaramin ƙaramin ƙaramin ƙaramin ƙaramin ƙaramin ƙaramin ƙaramin ƙaramin ƙaramin ƙaramin ƙaramin ƙaramin ƙaramin ƙaramin ƙaramin ƙaramin ƙaramin ƙaramin ƙaramin ƙaramin ƙaramin ƙaramin ƙaramin ƙaramin ƙaramin ƙaramin ƙaramin ƙaramin ƙaramin ƙaramin ƙaramin ƙaramin ƙaramin ƙaramin ƙaramin ƙaramin ƙaramin ƙaramin ƙaramin ƙaramin ƙaramin ƙaramin ƙaramin ƙaramin ƙaramin ƙaramin ƙaramin ƙaramin ƙaramin ƙaramin ƙaramin ƙaramin ƙaramin ƙaramin ƙaramin ƙaramin ƙaramin ƙaramin ƙaramin ƙaramin ƙaramin ƙaramin ƙaramin ƙaramin ƙaramin ƙaramin ƙaramin ƙaramin ƙaramin ƙar
  • ]Matsayin lamba ta bakwai: ] Mixolydian (flat 7th); canza sikelin (super locrian) don masu rinjaye; rabin rabin ya ragu don raguwar ƙwayoyin.
  • ] Ƙananan ƙananan ƙwayoyin: ] Locrian (flat 2, flat 3, flat 5, flat 6, flat 7).

Koyi da yin amfani da waɗannan ma'auni a kan canje-canjen da aka yi a cikin wani misali. Amma ma'auni kawai kayan aiki ne Dole ne ka juya su cikin kalmomin kiɗa.

Ka Yi Amfani da Arpeggios

Arpeggios tsara sautunan sauti kuma kiyaye solo naka a cikin jituwa. Ga kowane jigo, yi aiki da wasa tushen 3rd-5th-7th sama da ƙasa, sannan ƙara 9th, 11th, da 13th. Haɗa arpeggios cikin sauƙi a cikin canje-canjen jigo. Wani motsa jiki na gargajiya: kunna wakar misali ta amfani da arpeggios kawai na jigo na asali.

Ka Ƙara Ƙa'idar Ƙa'idar Ƙa'idar Ƙa'idar Ƙa'idar Ƙa'idar Ƙa'idar Ƙa'idar Ƙa'idar Ƙa'idar Ƙa'idar Ƙa'idar Ƙa'idar Ƙa'idar Ƙa'idar Ƙa'idar Ƙa'idar Ƙa'idar Ƙa'idar Ƙa'idar Ƙa'idar Ƙa'idar Ƙa'idar Ƙa'idar Ƙa'idar Ƙa'idar Ƙa'idar Ƙa'idar Ƙa'idar Ƙa'idar Ƙa'idar Ƙa'idar Ƙa'idar Ƙa'idar Ƙa'idar Ƙa'idar Ƙa'idar Ƙa'idar Ƙa'idar Ƙa'idar Ƙa'idar Ƙa'idar Ƙa'idar Ƙa'idar Ƙa'idar Ƙa'idar Ƙa'idar Ƙa'idar Ƙa'idar Ƙa'idar Ƙa'idar Ƙa'idar Ƙa'idar Ƙa'idar Ƙa'idar Ƙa'idar Ƙa'idar Ƙa'idar Ƙa'idar Ƙa'idar Ƙa'idar Ƙa'idar Ƙa'idar

Sautin da ke wucewa da kuma sautin da ke motsawa suna ƙara tashin hankali, saki, da kuma sha'awar waƙa.

  • Hanyar da aka yi ta nuna cewa an yi amfani da shi a hanyar da ta fi ƙarfinsa.
  • Ƙararrawa: yin wasa da sautin chromatic biyu (a sama da ƙasa) kafin sautin da aka yi niyya.
  • Chromatic runs: layi na chromatic wanda ya warware zuwa sautin sauti a kan karfi beat.

Ka saurari 'yan wasa kamar Charlie Parker wanda ya yi amfani da chromatism, ka yi aiki ta hanyar yin layi mai sauƙi kuma ka saka hanyoyin chromatic da gangan.

Ƙarfafawa

Maimakon kunna madaidaicin ma'auni, ƙirƙirar ƙaramin ra'ayi na waƙa (motif) kuma haɓaka shi a cikin solo ɗinku. Maimaita maƙasudin a wurare daban-daban, juya shi, canza sautinsa, ko canza tazarar sa. Wannan yana haifar da haɗin kai kuma yana sa solo ɗinku ya faɗi labari.

Alal misali, a cikin wani blues, za ka iya buga wani ɗan gajeren magana mai sautin uku a farkon solo, sa'an nan kuma ka gyara shi a kan kowane mawaƙa na gaba.

Kira da Amsa

Jazz tattaunawa ne. Yi aiki da sauyawa gajerun kalmomin haɓaka tsakanin hagu da hannun dama (a kan piano), ko tsakanin kayan aikinka da waƙa mai baya wanda ke kunna gajerun kalmomi. A cikin ƙungiyar, saurari mai buga ƙwallon ƙafa ko pianist kuma amsa ra'ayoyin su. Wannan yana haɓaka ƙwarewar hulɗa.

Yin aiki akai-akai a kan waƙoƙin baya (kamar waɗanda daga Jamey Aebersold ko iReal Pro) zai haɓaka ƙwarewar ku. Fara da sautunan sauƙi kuma a hankali ƙara rikitarwa ta jituwa.

Kasancewa da Ruhun Jazz

Gaskiya a jazz ba kawai game da sautuna da rhythms ba ne, yana da game da hali, sauraro, da kuma bayyanawa. Ga halaye marasa mahimmanci da ke raba wasa na ainihi daga sake kunnawa na inji.

Sauraron Aiki a Wasan

Jazz tattaunawa ce ta rukuni. A cikin jam session ko ensemble, saurari abin da wasu ke wasa kuma amsa. Kunna tare da drummer's ride cymbal da bass player's tafiya line. Gina a kan soloist's ra'ayoyi lokacin da ka comp.

Yin Kasancewa a Hadari

Kuskuren wani ɓangare ne na tsarin koyo. Kada ka yi wasa da shi a kowane lokaci. Gwada sabon maye gurbin jituwa, wani mutum mai ƙarfin hali, ko kuma canji mai ƙarfi. Ko da ya gaza, za ka koyi wani abu. Manyan mutane sun kasance masu ƙarfin zuciya rungumi wannan ruhun.

Mutunta Al'adu

Ka yi nazarin tushen jazz: New Orleans polyphony, swing era big bands, bebop, hard bop, modal jazz, da kuma bayan. Ka fahimci gudummawar majagaba kamar Louis Armstrong, Duke Ellington, Charlie Parker, da Thelonious Monk. Wannan girmamawa ya sa ka yi wasa kuma ya ba ka yanayin da za ka ƙirƙiri.

Yadda Za Ka Sami Muryarka

Dole ne halayenka ya haskaka ta hanyar kayan aikinka. Yi amfani da harshen jazz da kake sha daga rubutun da sauraro, amma ka tsara shi cikin maganganunka. Gwada da magana, sautin, da kuma motsin rai har sai ka ji kamar kanka. Wannan yana ɗaukar lokaci amma shine babban burin koyon ka'idojidon gaya labarinka ta hanyar al'ada.

Nasihu Mai Amfani da Ayyuka na Yau da Kullum

Ka riƙa yin aiki a kai a kai a kai a kai a waɗannan fannoni:

  • Koyi misali ɗaya a mako. ] Ka tuna waƙar, canje-canje da tsari. Ka buga shi a cikin maɓallan goma sha biyu (ko aƙalla maɓallan da yawa) don zurfafa fahimtar jituwa.
  • Yi amfani da minti 20 don koyon ɗan gajeren la'antawa ta kunne, sannan ka gano abin da ke sa ya yi aiki. Ƙara shi zuwa ƙamus naka.
  • Yi aiki tare da waƙoƙin wasa. Yi amfani da albarkatu kamar Jamie Aebersold play-alongs (FLT: 3) ko aikace-aikacen iReal Pro (FLT: 5). Yi wasa tare da sashin sautin kuma yi aiki da waƙa da solo.
  • ]Rubuta kanka akai-akai. [ ] Sauraron baya ya nuna kuskuren sautin, matsalolin sautin, da kuma raunin magana da zaka iya gyara.
  • ]Ka shiga cikin zaman jam. [ ] Babu abin da zai maye gurbin hulɗa ta kai tsaye. Fara da wasu waƙoƙin da ka sani da kyau kuma a hankali ka faɗaɗa. Ko da idan ka yi kuskure, ƙwarewar ba ta da daraja.
  • Littattafan nazarin jituwa na jazz. [1] Tushen kamar “ Littafin Jituwa na Jazz; na David Berkman ko Mark Levine 𔄩s “ Ka'idar Jazz” suna da kyau sosai.

Ka tuna cewa koyon ƙa'idodin jazz tsari ne na tsawon rai. Duk lokacin da ka sake duba waƙa, ka kawo sabon fahimta da kwarewa. Ka rungumi tafiya salon gaskiya ya fito ne daga aiki mai daidaituwa, sauraro mai zurfi, da farin ciki na furcin kirkira.

Don ƙarin karatu, bincika FLT:0LearnJazzStandards.com ko albarkatun a FLT:2Jazz a Lincoln Center. Waɗannan suna ba da kyakkyawan abun ciki na ilimi, gami da jagororin sauraro da rubutun solo.