Table of Contents

Ƙungiyar Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙ

Jagoran murya shine fasaha na motsawa na musamman na waƙa a cikin muryoyin soprano, alto, tenor, da bass a cikin muryoyin sauti tare da niyya da ladabi. A cikin tsarin jazz, inda aka faɗaɗa jituwa, canje-canje a cikin jituwa, da canje-canje masu saurin canzawa sune al'ada, jagoran murya mai santsi yana canza jerin jituwa zuwa mai gudana, mai rai murya. Masanin waɗannan fasahohi yana ba da damar masu shirya da mawallafa don ƙirƙirar kiɗa wanda ke jin ba makawa, inda kowane jituwa yana da alama yana numfashi zuwa na gaba.

A cikin zuciyarsa, jagorancin murya game da tattalin arzikin motsi ne. Kowane murya ya kamata ya yi tafiya mafi gajeren nisa tsakanin sautin sauti biyu. Wannan ka'idar, wanda ya samo asali ne daga al'adun counterpoint na Bach da Palestrina, an daidaita shi ta masu shirya jazz kamar Duke Ellington, Gil Evans, da Thad Jones don magance rikitarwa na rikitarwa na zamani na jazz. Fahimtar jagorancin murya ba kawai yana inganta shirye-shiryen rubutu ba amma kuma yana haɓaka ƙwarewar haɓaka, kamar yadda masu yin wasan kwaikwayo waɗanda ke tunani a cikin yanayin jagorancin murya a zahiri ke haifar da layin da suka fi dacewa.

Me Ya Sa Murya Take da Muhimmanci a Waƙar Jazz

Ba kamar kiɗa na gargajiya ba, jazz sau da yawa yana amfani da makamai tare da nau'ikan sautin hudu, biyar, ko ma shida daban-daban.

Ka yi la'akari da bambanci tsakanin tsarin ƙarar ƙaho wanda ke tsalle tsakanin muryoyi da wanda ke zamewa ta amfani da motsi na rabin mataki. Wannan na ƙarshe ba kawai yana da sauti mafi kyau ba amma kuma yana ba da taswirar hanya mafi kyau ga masu haɓaka. A cikin rubuce-rubuce na babban rukuni, inda ƙaho da yawa ke yin sauti a lokaci guda, jagorancin murya mara kyau na iya haifar da ƙarancin ƙura da rashin daidaito.

Ka'idodin Gudanar da Murya Mai Saukin Ra'ayi

Ka'idoji da yawa na yau da kullum sun kafa tushen jagorancin murya a jazz. Wadannan ka'idoji ba su da tsaurijazz, bayan duk, yare ne na maganaamma suna ba da tabbacin farawa ga kowane mai shirya.

  • ] Ƙarƙashin Motsi: ] Kowane murya ya kamata ya motsa ta ƙaramin lokacin da zai yiwu, mafi kyau rabin mataki ko mataki duka. Ya kamata a ajiye manyan tsalle na biyar ko fiye don sakamako na musamman.
  • Keep Common Tones: Lokacin da kirtani biyu masu jituwa suka raba wata sanarwa (misali, Cmaj7 da Am7 duka suna dauke da E), wannan sanarwa ya kamata ya kasance cikin murya ɗaya. Wannan yana haifar da ma'ana da ci gaba.
  • Kula da Sautin Sauti: Ya kamata soprano ya kasance sama da alto, alto sama da tenor, da tenor sama da bass.
  • A cikin wani kirtani, akwai sautin da aka tsara don yin amfani da shi a cikin wani nau'i na sauti. Sautin da aka tsara a cikin wani kirtani, wanda aka tsara a cikin wani nau'i na sauti, yana da kyau a yi amfani da shi a cikin wani nau'i na sauti.
  • FLT:0]] guje wa fifths da octaves: Duk da yake jazz ya fi dacewa da daidaitaccen lokaci, daidaitattun daidaitattun lokaci na iya sa muryoyin ciki suyi kama da layi ɗaya, rage cin gashin kai. Sai dai idan kuna son tasirin ninkawa, guje musu.

Hanyoyi na Samun Ƙwarewar Ƙarfi

1. Ka San Abin da Ya Shafi Mutane da Ƙari

Hanya mafi sauki don ƙirƙirar sauyi mai sauƙi ita ce gano sautin da aka raba ta da madaidaiciyar madaidaiciya biyu kuma a kulle su a wuri. Misali, motsawa daga Dm7 (D-F-A-C) zuwa G7 (G-B-D-F) ba ta da sautin kowa, amma motsawa daga Dm7 zuwa G7 a cikin wani nau'i na II-V-I na yau da kullun za a iya daidaita ta ta amfani da motsi na sautin jagora da aka bayyana a ƙasa. Duk da haka, la'akari da Cmaj7 (C-E-G-B) motsawa zuwa Fmaj7 (F-A-C-E): sautunan C da E suna da yawa. Ci gaba da C a cikin murya ɗaya da E a cikin murya ɗaya (ƙasa ko mafi girma) nan da nan yana haɗa canjin canji.

A aikace, masu shiryawa sukan sake yin sauti na ɗaya daga cikin kirtani don haɓaka sautunan gama gari. Alal misali, ana iya sake yin Cmaj7 a matsayi mai nisa a matsayin E‐G‐B‐C don haɗuwa da Am7 mai zuwa (A‐C‐E‐G) inda E da G suke gama gari. Irin wannan daidaitawa yana da mahimmanci amma yana da iko.

2. Yi amfani da motsi na rabin mataki don sautunan da ba na kowa ba

Lokacin da ba a sami sautin sauti ba, motsa kowane murya da rabin mataki duk lokacin da zai yiwu. Motsi na rabin mataki shine mafi santsi a cikin kiɗan Yammacin Turai saboda yana haifar da ƙarfin ji na shugabanci. Alal misali, a cikin ci gaba Dm7 → G7, muryoyin na iya motsawa kamar haka:

  • Soprano (C na Dm7) ya sauka rabin mataki zuwa B (3rd na G7).
  • Alto (A na Dm7) ya koma ƙasa da rabin mataki zuwa G (tushen G7).
  • Tenor (F na Dm7) ya kasance a matsayin sautin yau da kullum (na 7 na G7).
  • Bass (D na Dm7) yana motsawa zuwa rabin mataki zuwa E (9 na G7) idan kana son sautin da aka canza, ko kuma gaba ɗaya zuwa E (na halitta 9) don daidaitaccen sauti.

Wannan yana haifar da saurin saurin saurin sautin a cikin muryoyin sama, wanda shine alamar jagorancin muryar jazz.

3. Jagoran Jagoran Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙar

Na 3 da 7 na kowane kirtani sune mahimman bayanan don ƙayyade aikin jituwa. Rubuta layin mai santsi don waɗannan muryoyin biyu sau da yawa ana kiransa layin sautin jagorana iya ƙarfafa gaba ɗaya na gaba. Don asali II-V-I a cikin C mai girma (Dm7 → G7 → Cmaj7):

  • Na 3 na Dm7 shine F; zai iya motsawa ƙasa da rabi zuwa E (3rd na Cmaj7) ko zama na 7 na G7 (F) sannan ya ƙare zuwa E.
  • Na 7 na Dm7 shine C; yana motsawa ƙasa da rabin mataki zuwa B (3rd na G7) sannan kuma ya hau rabin mataki zuwa C (ƙasar Cmaj7) ko ya kasance a matsayin C idan kun yi murya Cmaj7 tare da tushen a soprano.

Wannan yana haifar da ma'ana mai ma'ana, mai hankali wanda sauran muryoyi ke bi.

4. Yi amfani da Musayar Murya

Musayar murya tana faruwa lokacin da muryoyi biyu suka ratsa rawar a kan ci gaba. Misali, a cikin ci gaba daga Cmaj7 zuwa Emaj7, E (3rd na Cmaj7) na iya motsawa zuwa G (3rd na Emaj7) yayin da G (5th na Cmaj7) ya koma ƙasa zuwa E (tushe na Emaj7). Wannan tsayarwa mai sarrafawa na iya ƙara sha'awa muddin muryoyin suna da tsabta. Musayar murya tana da yawa a cikin neo-soul da tsarin jazz na zamani.

5. Ka haɗa sautunan da ke wucewa da kuma na maƙwabta

Sautin wucewa (sakonnin da ke haɗa sautin sauti biyu ta hanyar mataki) da sautin makwabta (sakonnin da ke motsawa daga sautin sauti da dawowa) na iya sauƙaƙe layin da ba haka ba. A ce kuna da muryar soprano da ke motsawa daga E (3rd na Cmaj7) zuwa G (5th na Am7).

6. Ka tsara Sautin Sautin Sautin Sautin Sautin Sautin Sautin Sautin Sautin Sautin Sautin Sautin Sautin Sautin Sautin Sautin Sautin Sautin Sautin Sautin Sautin Sautin Sautin Sautin Sautin Sautin Sautin Sautin Sautin Sautin Sautin Sautin Sautin Sautin Sautin Sautin Sautin Sautin Sautin Sautin Sautin Sautin Sautin Sautin Sautin Sautin Sautin Sautin Sautin Sautin Sautin Sautin Sautin Sautin Sautin Sautin Sautin Sautin Sautin Sautin Sautin Sautin Sautin Sautin Sautin Sautin Sautin Sautin Sautin Sautin Sautin Sautin Sautin Sautin Sautin Sautin Sautin Sautin Sautin Sautin Sautin Sautin Sautin Sautin Sautin Sautin Sautin Sautin Sautin Sautin Sautin Sautin Sautin Sautin Sautin Sautin Sautin Sautin Sautin Sautin Sautin Sautin Sautin Sautin Sautin Sautin Sautin Sautin Sautin Sautin Sautin Sautin Sautin Sautin Sautin Sautin Sautin Sautin Sautin Sautin Sautin Sautin Sautin Sautin Sautin Sautin

Sau da yawa babbar matsala ga jagorancin murya mai sauƙi shine zaɓin murya. Ana iya yin murya ta hanyoyi da yawabuɗe, rufe, sauke-2, sauke-3, rufe-huɗu, da dai sauransu. Mai shirya ya kamata ya gwada muryoyi da yawa na wannan murya don ganin wanne ya fi dacewa da murya ta gaba. Misali, G7 mai sautin B‐F‐G‐D ( sauke-2) na iya haɗuwa da Cmaj7 a cikin matsayi mai kusanci, amma soke G7 a matsayin D‐G‐B‐F (a daban-daban juyawa na sauke-2) na iya haifar da sautunan gama gari. Software kamar MuseScore ko Sibelius na iya taimakawa wajen ganin waɗannan haɗin.

Matsaloli da Suka Shafi Mutane da Yadda Za a Warware Su

Babban Tsalle a Muryoyin Cikin Ƙasa

Idan muryar ciki ta tsallake octave ko biyar, mai sauraro na iya rasa zaren wannan layin. Magani: gwada juyawa daban. Misali, idan alto ya tsallake daga D zuwa A, zaka iya canza sautin alto zuwa wani abu mafi kusa, kamar F ko G, ta hanyar maye gurbin tsawo na kirtani. Ka tuna cewa za a iya barin sautin kirtani (musamman na 5) don inganta jagorancin murya.

Ƙungiyoyi na Biyar da Na Biyar

Duk da yake ba a hana su a jazz ba, daidaitattun octaves na iya haifar da murya ta ɓace zuwa wani, kuma daidaitattun biyar na iya haifar da sauti mara kyau, open wanda ya saba wa kayan haɗin haɗin kai na jazz. Don gyarawa, kawai motsa ɗayan muryoyi zuwa sautin sauti daban. Alal misali, maimakon duka tenor da bass suna motsawa daga G-D zuwa A-E (mafiyar biyar), canza bass don motsawa ta mataki (G zuwa A) kuma ci gaba da tenor a kan D yana motsawa zuwa C (na uku).

Sautin Horobi da Ya Yi Tsayayya

Lokacin da kake canza tashin hankali (misali, 9 a kan mai rinjaye 7th), tabbatar da cewa bayanin kula da aka canza ya warware ta hanyar da ta dace. Idan 9 na G7 shine A, wannan bayanin kula yawanci ya kamata ya warware ƙasa da rabin mataki zuwa G (tushe na Cmaj7). Idan ya tsalle a wani wuri, yanayin tashin hankali ya zama bazuwar. Haɗa sautin da aka canza zuwa sautin sauti na kusa a cikin sautin gaba.

Muryar da Ta Yi Ja'a a Wuraren Jazz

Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙ

A cikin bebop, ana sarrafa jagorancin murya sau da yawa ta hanyar layukan mai haɓaka maimakon ta hanyar rubutun rubutu. Duk da haka, mawaƙa da mawaƙa masu waƙa suna amfani da muryoyin shell (na 3 da 7 kawai) waɗanda ke motsawa ta hanyar halitta ta hanyar rabin mataki. An mai da hankali kan haɗa sautunan jagora cikin sauƙi. Masu shirya ƙananan haɗuwa galibi suna rubuta layin ƙaho waɗanda ke nuna motsin sautin jagora, suna haifar da kira-da-amsa tare da mai raɗaɗi.

Jazz na zamani

Modal jazz (misali, Miles Davis s FLT:0 So What FLT:0 ) yana amfani da jituwa mai kyau a tsawon lokaci, don haka jagorancin murya ba ya da yawa game da motsi na sauti kuma ya fi game da motsi na murya na ciki a cikin ƙimar sauti guda ɗaya. Masu shiryawa galibi suna amfani da So What murya (ƙungiyoyin huɗu) kuma suna motsa muryoyi ta mataki ko rabin mataki don ƙirƙirar jujjuyawar launi. Jagoran murya ya zama kayan aiki don canjin waƙa maimakon ci gaban jituwa.

Rubutun Big Band na Yau

A cikin zane-zane na zamani (misali, Maria Schneider, Bob Brookmeyer), jagorancin murya sau da yawa yana da gangan ba daidai ba. Lines na iya motsawa a cikin layi ko akasin motsi, kuma ana amfani da ƙuƙwalwar murya don tasirin rubutu. Duk da haka, ƙa'idodin tushe guda ɗaya suna amfani: kowane murya ya kamata ya sami tsari mai ma'ana, kuma yawan kwararar ya kamata ya kasance da gangan.

Matakai Masu Amfani ga Masu Tsara Ayyuka

  • Fara da Takardar Gubar: Falta da 1: Yi nazarin alamun sauti da waƙa. Gano sautunan jagora (3rd da 7th) don kowane sauti.
  • A cikin wannan yanayin, za a iya yin amfani da sautin sauti mai kyau don yin amfani da sautin sauti mai kyau.
  • Cika muryoyin ciki: Yi amfani da sauran muryoyin (alto, tenor) don kammala kirtani. Ka kiyaye su a cikin kewayon da ya dace. Ka guji tsallakawa da tsalle-tsalle. Idan murya tana da matsala a motsi, yi la'akari da sauke shi don kirtani ɗaya (misali, ka watsar da na 5) kuma ka dawo da shi daga baya.
  • FLT:0]] Duba don Sautin Sautin: Musamman a rubuce-rubuce na sassa huɗu, tabbatar da cewa tenor bai wuce alto ba, kuma alto bai sauka ƙasa da tenor ba.
  • Saurari kuma sake duba: Play your tsari a kan wani piano ko ta amfani da MIDI sake kunnawa. kula da kowane murya da kainako yana sauti kamar wani m line? idan ba, daidaita da sautin.

Nazarin Kashi: Sauti na Jagora a cikin Laban kaka

Tsarin jazz na gargajiya Autumn Leaves (a cikin maɓallin G minor) yana ba da cikakkiyar dakin gwaje-gwaje don jagorancin murya. A-sashin ci gaba shine: Am7 → D7 → Gmaj7 → Cmaj7 → Fm75 → B7 → Em7 → Em7/Am7 (juyawa). Bari mu bincika tsarin murya huɗu:

  1. Am7 (A‐C‐E‐G) → D7 (D‐F‐A‐C): Sautin gama gari: C (7th of Am7, 7th of D7) ya kamata ya kasance. G (3rd of Am7) ya tashi da rabi zuwa A (5th of D7)? A gaskiya G zuwa A gaba ɗaya nebetter: ci gaba da G a matsayin 13th? Ko kuma zamu iya motsa G zuwa F (3rd of D7) ta hanyar rabin mataki. Wannan yana haifar da saurin chromatic: E (5th of Am7) ya koma D (tushen). Bari mu kammala: Soprano E→D, Alto C→C (m), Tenor G→F, Bass A→D. Yana aiki da kyau.
  2. D7 → Gmaj7 (G‐B‐D‐F): Sautin gama gari: D (ƙasar→5th) da F (3rd→7th) na iya kasancewa. Bass D ya motsa zuwa G (tsalle na huɗumutu amma za mu iya amfani da C mai wucewa? Ba lallai bane a nan). Soprano: C (7th) ya sauka rabin mataki zuwa B (3rd of Gmaj7). Alto: A (5th? A zahiri D7 murya yana da A a matsayin 5th? A cikin D7 ɗinmu muna da A? Jira, muna buƙatar bin sautunan: mun yi amfani da D7 tare da sautunan D (bass), A (soprano?), C (alto), F (tenor) : ya fi kyau mu sake tsara sautunan sauti daga farko. Don sauƙi, ɗauka: D t da Fmutu na yau da kullun, da kuma Amutuwar Amutuwar Cmutuwar Cmutuwar Cmutuwar Cmutuwar Cmutuwar Cmutuwar C
  3. Gmaj7 → Cmaj7: Yawancin sautunan gama gari (G, B, D, F vs C, E, G, B). Ci gaba da G da B; motsa D zuwa E (rabi mataki sama), F zuwa G (rabi mataki sama). Kyakkyawan.
  4. Cmaj7 → Fm75: Babu sautunan yau da kullun. Yi amfani da motsi na rabin mataki: soprano E→F (ƙasa rabin), alto B→A (ƙasa rabin), tenor G→E (ƙasa ƙarami na uku ɗan girma, amma zamu iya amfani da F?), bass C→F (tsalle-tsalle tsalle-tsalle). Mafi kyau: sake murya Cmaj7 a matsayin G‐B‐C‐E (mafififi) da Fm75 a matsayin F‐A‐C‐E? Sa'an nan kuma E da C na yau da kullun na iya kasancewa. Amma bass na iya motsawa daga C zuwa F ta hanyar G? Zai fi kyau a kiyaye layin bass mai santsi: C zuwa F bass ne; za mu iya sanya bayanin wucewa A jazz, a cikin tsalle-tsalle mai karɓaɓɓe ne don aiki daban-daban, amma wannan zai iya nuna sautin sauti mai santsi, amma muna iya nuna sautin sauti mai santsi.

Ƙarin bincike na misali guda ɗaya ya nuna cewa jagorancin murya sau da yawa yana game da sulhu. Mai shirya dole ne ya zaɓi waɗanne muryoyi don fifitawayawanci da waƙa (soprano) da bass sannan kuma ya cika sassan ciki da motsi mai sauƙi.

Tattalin Arziki na Ƙarƙashin Ƙari

Ƙarshen

Sautin murya mai santsi ba kawai motsa jiki bane; shi ne sana'ar da ke canza jerin kwararar zuwa bayanin kiɗa. Ta hanyar amfani da fasahohin riƙe sautin sauti, motsi na rabin mataki, ƙudurin sautin jagora, da kuma zaɓin murya mai hankali, kowane mai shirya zai iya ƙirƙirar shirye-shiryen jazz waɗanda suke da ƙwarewar jituwa da kyau. Mafi kyawun masu shirya suna tunanin kowane murya a matsayin layin waƙa, wanda ke haɗe da na gaba ta hanyar ma'ana da motsin rai. Ko kuna rubutu don jazz quartet, babban rukuni, ko rukuni na murya, saka lokaci a cikin jagoran murya zai biya lada a cikin tsabta da tasiri na kiɗa.

Ka tuna ka saurari da kyau kuma ka daidaita. kunne shine babban mai hukunci. Tare da aiki, sautin murya mai santsi ya zama wani ɓangare na harshen shiryawar ka, yana ba ka damar mai da hankali kan babban hotoka gaya maka labari mai ban sha'awa ta hanyar jituwa.