Gina Gidauniyar Jazz da Harmony

Kowane mai sauraron mawaƙa na jazz yana buƙatar fahimtar ka'idar, amma ka'idar jazz ta bambanta da na gargajiya. Harsunan jazz sun haɗa da tsawo da aka faɗaɗa, juyin juya halin da aka canza, da kuma ci gaba mai rikitarwa wanda ke buƙatar nazari na musamman.

"The Jazz Theory Book" na Mark Levine ya kasance misali na zinariya don fahimtar jituwa na jazz. Levine ya karya komai daga tsarin tsarin jituwa na asali zuwa ga abubuwan da suka ci gaba kamar canje-canje da sake jituwa na Coltrane. Kowane babi ya ƙunshi motsa jiki na aiki wanda ke ƙarfafa ka'idodin ka'idoji, yana mai da shi dace da nazarin kai. Haɗa wannan rubutu tare da "Jazz Piano Book" na Levine, wanda ke amfani da ka'idoji iri ɗaya kai tsaye ga keyboard, koda kuwa piano ba shine babban kayan aikinka ba.

"The Berklee Book of Jazz Harmony" na Joe Mulholland da Tom Hojnacki [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [7] [7] [7] [7] [7] [7] [7] [7] [7] [7] [7] [7] [7] [7] [7] [7] [7] [7] [7] [7] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [9] [9] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [11] [11] [11] [11] [11] [11] [11] [11] [11] [11] [11] [11] [11] [11] [11] [11] [11] [11] [11] [11] [11] [11] [11] [11] [11] [11] [11] [11] [11] [11] [11] [11] [11] [11] [11] [11] [11] [11] [11] [11] [11] [11] [11] [11] [11] [11] [11] [11] [11] [11] [11] [11] [11] [11] [11] [11] [11] [11] [11] [11] [11] [11] [12] [12] [12] [12] [12] [12] [12] [12] [12] [12] [12] [12] [12] [12] [12] [12] [12] [12] [12] [12] [12] [12] [12] [12] [12] [12] [12] [12] [12] [12] [12] [12] [12] [12] [12] [12] [12] [12] [12] [12] [12] [12] [12] [12] [12] [12] [12] [12] [12] [12] [12] [12] [12] [12] [12] [12] [12] [12] [12] [12] [12] [12] [12] [12] [12] [12] [12] [12] [12] [12] [12] [12] [12] [12] [12] [12] [12] [12] [12] [12]

Ga 'yan wasan da suka fi son tsarin tsari, wanda ya dogara da motsa jiki, "Jazzology: The Encyclopedia of Jazz Theory for All Musicians" na Robert Rawlins da Nor Eddine Bahha ya ƙunshi komai daga tazara da sikelin zuwa ra'ayoyin haɓaka. Tsarin ilimin kimiyyar littafin yana sauƙaƙa sauƙaƙe don yin tunani kan takamaiman batutuwa, kuma kowane sashe ya haɗa da ayyukan rubutu waɗanda ke haɓaka ci gaba.

Muhimman Littafin da Littafin Ƙarya

Koyon ƙa'idodin jazz ba za a iya tattaunawa ba. Waɗannan su ne waƙoƙin da za ku yi wasa a zaman jam, gigs, da kuma cikin dakin motsa jiki. tarin da aka fi amfani da shi ya kasance "The Real Book" (FLT: 0) (FLT: 1) "The Real Book" (FLT: 3) "The Real Book" (FLT: 1) "The Real Book" (FLT: 1) "The Real Book") " (FLT: 1) "The Real Book" (FLT: 1) "The Real Book") " (FLT: 1) "The Real Book" (FLT: 1) "The Real Book" (FLT: 1) "The Real Book" (FLT: 1) "The Real Book") "The Real Book" (FLT: 1) "The Real Book" (FLT: 1) "The Real Book" (FLT: 1) "The Real Book" (FLT: 1) "The Real Book" (FLT: 1) "The Real Book") " (FLT: 1) " (FLT: 1) " (FLT: 1) " (FLT: 1) "The Real Book") " (FLT: 1) "The Real Book

FLT:0 "The Standards Real Book" (wanda kuma ya fito ne daga Sher Music) yana mai da hankali ne musamman kan ka'idodin jazz da aka fi yi, tare da bayyananniyar alama da canje-canje a cikin akwatin sauti. Wannan kundin ya haɗa da waƙoƙi daga Babban Littafin Waƙoƙi na Amurka, tsoffin kayan gargajiya na bebop, da kayan aikin jazz na zamani. Yawancin 'yan wasa sun gano cewa sarrafa waƙoƙi 200 a cikin wannan tarin ya ƙunshi 90% na abin da suka haɗu da shi a zaman jam.

Don waɗanda suka mai da hankali kan takamaiman mawallafi ko salo, la'akari da FLT: 0 "The Music of John Coltrane" da "Charlie Parker Omnibook" . Waɗannan tarin suna ƙunsar bayanan rubutu na sanannun solo tare da sautin waƙa da canje-canjen jigo. Nazarin waɗannan rubutun yana taimaka muku haɓaka ƙamus na masanan jazz yayin gina kundin waƙoƙin ku.

Ka Ƙara Ƙwarewar Ka a Yin Gyara

Improvisation shine inda mawaƙa na jazz ke samun muryarsu. Yayinda ka'idar ke samar da ƙamus, improvisation yana buƙatar sassauci. "Tsarin Jazz" na Jerry Coker ya kasance ɗayan ingantattun albarkatu don haɓaka abubuwan da ke faruwa. Littafin ya gabatar da ƙirar da aka tsara ta hanyar nau'in kirtani da matakin wahala, kuma yin waɗannan ƙirar a cikin dukkan maɓallan yana gina ƙwaƙwalwar tsoka wanda ke fassara kai tsaye zuwa solo.

"Jazz Improvisation: A Comprehensive Method for All Musicians" na David Baker ya dauki hanyar da ta fi ma'ana, mai da hankali kan ci gaban motsa jiki, bambancin rhythmic, da kuma fahimtar jituwa. Hanyar Baker ta karfafa 'yan wasa suyi tunani a bayan tsarin sikelin kuma suyi kirkirar maganganun kiɗa masu jituwa. Kowane babi ya haɗa da ayyukan sauraro waɗanda ke nuna ra'ayoyin da ake koyarwa.

"Connecting Chords with Linear Harmony" na Bert Ligon ya magance ɗayan ƙalubalen da aka fi samu ga 'yan wasa masu matsakaici: ƙirƙirar madaidaiciya, layi masu ma'ana waɗanda ke nuna canje-canje a cikin jituwa. Ligon ya nuna yadda ake amfani da sautunan jagora, ƙirar kusanci, da murya wanda ke haifar da gina solo waɗanda ke ba da labari. Littafin ya haɗa da misalai masu yawa daga solo da aka rubuta kuma yana ba da hanyar da ta dace don haɓaka ƙwarewar layi.

Matsayin Mahimmanci na Rubutun Rubutu a Ilimin Jazz

Sauke-sauke da rubutu da kuma rubuta su da kunne shine mafi mahimmancin aiki don haɓaka ƙwarewar jazz. Yana horar da kunnenka, zurfafa fahimtarka game da yaren jazz, kuma yana taimaka maka shawo kan maganganun da jin daɗin lokacin da masanan ke yi. "The Charlie Parker Omnibook" kyakkyawan farawa ne saboda solo na Parker suna da tsari mai ma'ana da kuma haɗaka. Yi nazarin waɗannan rubutun daga kayan aikinka, raira waƙa tare da rikodin, sannan ka koyi kunna su a cikin maɓallan da yawa.

"The Miles Davis Omnibook" (FLT: 2) (FLT: 3) yana ba da wani muhimmin kayan aiki. Solos na Davis sune manyan darussan sarari, magana, da ci gaban waƙa. Sauke Davis yana koya muku cewa haɓaka ba game da yawan sautin da kuke wasa ba ne amma game da ingancin kowane sautin da siffar layin. Kwatanta tsarinsa da na Parker don fahimtar yadda 'yan wasa daban-daban ke kewaya cikin kayan jituwa iri ɗaya.

Don aikin rubutun zamani, dandamali kamar JazzTranscriptions.com suna ba da daidaitattun, rubutun waƙa na solo ta 'yan wasan zamani. Shafin ya haɗa da rikodin da aka jinkirta don sauƙaƙe koyo, kuma yawancin rubutun sun haɗa da nazarin jituwa wanda ya bayyana dalilin da yasa aka zaɓi takamaiman bayanan. Haɗa waɗannan albarkatun tare da software kamar FLT:3 ko FLT:4 Amazing Slow Downer don daidaita saurin ba tare da canza sautin ba.

Tarihin Jazz da Rayuwar Maigida

Fahimtar tarihin jazz yana canza wasan ku. Lokacin da kuka san yanayin zamantakewa da kiɗa wanda salon ya fito daga, kuna yin ƙarin zaɓuɓɓukan fassarar da aka sani. "Full Jazz: Tushensa da Ci gaban Kiɗa" na Gunther Schuller ya kasance cikakken nazarin jazz daga asalinsa har zuwa zamanin swing.

"Tarihin Jazz" na Ted Gioia shine mafi kyawun bayyani na al'ada duka. Gioia ya rufe kowane babban mutum da motsi daga Buddy Bolden zuwa yanzu, tare da bayani mai zurfi game da juyin halitta na salo. Littafin ya haɗa da jerin abubuwan sauraro da aka ba da shawarar ga kowane babi, yana mai da shi duka tarihi da shirin sauraro mai jagora.

Tarihin kai da tarihin rayuwa suna ba da hangen nesa na sirri. "Miles: The Autobiography" na Miles Davis tare da Quincy Troupe yana da gaskiya sosai kuma yana ba da ra'ayi na ciki game da jazz daga shekarun 1940 zuwa shekarun 1980. "Coltrane: Labarin Sauti" na Ben Ratliff ya bi diddigin ci gaban fasaha na Coltrane cikin zurfin, yana nuna yadda bidi'o'in kiɗa ya fito daga ci gaba da aiki da gwaji.

Kayan aiki na musamman ga mawaƙa na jazz

Duk da yake ka'idar jazz da ka'idodin improvisation suna amfani da kayan aiki, kowane kayan aiki yana da ƙalubalen fasaha na musamman da kuma hanyoyin da aka tsara.

Piano da Keyboards

"The Jazz Piano Book" na Mark Levine yana da mahimmanci ga kowane pianist. Yana rufe muryoyi, waƙa, solo, da kuma kundin waƙoƙi tare da bayyane bayani da misalai na kiɗa. "Jazz Keyboard Harmony" na Phil DeGreg: 6 FLT: 7 "Ya mai da hankali musamman kan fasahar sautin murya, yana ba da tsarin tsarin tsarin gina muryoyin hagu da waƙoƙin hannun dama. Ga masu kunnawa masu ci gaba, "Metaphors for the Musician" na Randy Halberstadt FLT: 10 FLT:11 "Ya binciko ra'ayoyi masu mahimmanci kamar sake jituwa da ƙoƙarin ginin sama.

Gitar

Gitar jazz tana gabatar da ƙalubale na musamman tare da muryoyin sauti da kewayawa. "The Jazz Guitar Handbook" na Rod Fogg ya ba da cikakkiyar gabatarwa game da sauti, sikelin, da fasahar solo. "Jazz Guitar Chord Mastery" na Joseph Alexander ya mai da hankali kan gina cikakkiyar ƙamus na sauti a fadin fretboard. Don solo, "Linear Jazz Improvisation" na Barry Greene Bert Bert Bert Bert Bert Bert Bert Bert Bert Bert Bert Bert Bert Bert Bert Bert Bert Bert Bert Bert Bert Bert Bert Bert Bert Bert Bert Bert Bert Bert Bert Bert Bert Bert Bert Bert Bert Bert Bert Bert Bert Bert Bert Bert Bert Bert Bert Bert Bert Bert Bert Bert Bert Bert Bert Bert Bert Bert Bert Bert Bert Bert Bert Bert Bert Bert Bert Bert Bert Bert Bert Bert Bert Bert Bert Bert Bert Bert Bert Bert Bert Bert Bert Bert Bert Bert Bert Bert Bert Bert Bert Bert Bert Bert Bert Bert Bert Bert Bert Bert Bert Bert Bert Bert Bert Bert Bert Bert Bert Bert Bert Bert Bert Bert Bert Bert Bert Bert Bert Bert Bert Bert Bert Bert Bert Bert Bert Bert Bert Bert Bert Bert Bert Bert Bert Bert Bert Bert Bert Bert Bert Bert Bert Bert Bert Bert Bert Bert Bert Bert Bert Bert Bert Bert Bert

Saxofon

"Top Tones for the Saxophone" na Sigurd Rascher "FLT:2" "FLT:3" shine misali na tunani don haɓaka rijistar altissimo da sautunan da suka dace da wasan jazz na zamani. "Hanyar Jazz don Saxophone" na John O'Neill "FLT:6" "FLT:7" yana ba da tsarin karatun daga farkon zuwa matsakaici, tare da waƙoƙin wasa da kuma motsa jiki na rubutun. 'Yan wasan da suka ci gaba suna amfana daga "Hanyar Saxophone ta Charlie Parker" "FLT:10" wanda ke nazarin tsarin fasaha na Parker.

Ƙaho

"The Art of Jazz Trumpet" na John McNeil ya rufe komai daga fasaha ta asali zuwa ra'ayoyin haɓaka. "FLT:4" na Frank Gabriel Campos ya ba da damar yin amfani da fasahar trumpet, ciki har da numfashi, bakin ciki, da jimiri. Don repertoire, "Standard of Excellence Jazz Ensemble Method" na samar da motsa jiki mai daidaitawa ga masu busa ƙaho a cikin saitin rukuni.

Ƙarƙashin ƙaho

"The Evolving Bassist" na Rufus Reid ne hanyar jazz bass, wanda ya shafi tafiya bass, solo, da kuma rhythm sashe hulɗa. "Bass Line Construction" na Todd Johnson ya ba da tsarin tsarin tsarin gina layin tafiya a kan daidaitattun matakan. Ga masu daidaitaccen bass, "Ray Brown's Bass Method" ya ba da haske daga ɗayan manyan bassists na jazz.

Drums

"Fart of Bop Drumming" na John Riley "FLT:2" "FLT:3" muhimmin karatu ne ga masu buga drum na jazz. Yana rufe lokacin wasa, waƙa, solo, da kuma yaren buga drum na bebop. "Ford Techniques for the Modern Drummer" na Jim Chapin "FLT:6" "FLT:7" yana ba da horo na 'yancin kai wanda ke da mahimmanci ga daidaita jazz. "The Drummer's Complete Vocabulary as Taught by Alan Dawson" "FLT:10" ya ƙunshi tsarin malami mai ban mamaki don haɓaka fasaha da kiɗa.

Kayan aiki na dijital da dandamali na kan layi don Nazarin Jazz

Fasaha ta zamani ta canza ilimin jazz. Aikace-aikacen iReal Pro (FLT 1) ba makawa ne don yin aikin haɓaka. Yana haifar da waƙoƙin baya na gaskiya a kowane salo, saurin, da maɓalli, kuma ya haɗa da dubban zane-zane da masu amfani suka bayar don waƙoƙin misali. Yi aiki da waƙa, solo, da karanta canje-canje tare da sashin sautin kamala wanda ba ya gaji.

Soundbrenner da sauran manhajojin metronome tare da damar polyrhythm suna taimakawa wajen haɓaka jin lokaci. Yi aiki da wasa na takwas na swing a kan metronome danna kan 2 da 4, sannan kuyi gwaji tare da wasa a baya ko gaba da bugun jini. Rikodin kanku tare da GarageBand ko Audacity kuma nazarin jin lokacinku yana ɗaya daga cikin hanyoyin da suka fi tasiri don inganta.

Darussan kan layi daga ArtistWorks (FLT: 1) suna ba da darussan bidiyo daga mawaƙa masu daraja kamar saxophonist Eric Marienthal da pianist George Whitty. Tsarin yana ba ku damar ƙaddamar da bidiyo don ra'ayoyin sirri, ƙirƙirar ƙwarewar darasi na sirri.

Tashoshin YouTube kamar FLT:0 Jazz a Cibiyar Jazz ta Lincoln Academy, FLT: 2 bude studio, da kuma Rick Beato suna ba da kyauta, ingantaccen abun ciki na ilimi. Waɗannan tashoshin suna ɗaukar komai daga ka'idar asali zuwa mahimman ka'idodin jituwa, kuma da yawa sun haɗa da sauke PDFs tare da motsa jiki da rubutun.

Ka Gina Al'ada Mai Kyau

Samun albarkatu masu kyau rabin yakin ne kawai. Kana buƙatar tsarin aikin yau da kullun don samun ci gaba mai daidaito. Ka sadaukar da akalla minti 15-20 kowace rana ga abubuwan da suka fi muhimmanci: sikeli a cikin dukkan maɓallan, arpeggios, da muryoyin sauti. Yi waɗannan tare da metronome, a hankali ƙara saurin yayin da kake kiyaye daidaito da tsabta.

Aikin rubutun ya kamata ya ɗauki minti 20-30 a kowane zaman. Fara da gajeren jumla (2-4 sanduna) daga solo. Koyi ta kunne, kunna shi tare da rikodin, sannan bincika zaɓuɓɓukan jituwa da na yau da kullun. Raira wannan jumla daga kayan aikinka don zurfafa shi. A cikin mako guda, za ka koyi cikakken waƙar waƙa ta solo.

Nazarin kundin waƙoƙi ya ƙunshi koyon sautin waƙa da canje-canje a cikin sabon misali a kowane mako. Yi amfani da sautin a cikin octaves da kewayawa da yawa. Sautin sautin a hanyoyi da yawa. Sa'an nan kuma yi amfani da sautin sauti, farawa da layuka masu sauƙi na sautin sautin kuma a hankali ƙara ƙarin rikitarwa ta jituwa. Rubuta kanka kuma saurara da kyau don gano wuraren da za a inganta.

A ƙarshe, sadaukar da lokaci ga horar da kunne. Yi amfani da aikace-aikace kamar Funktional Ear Trainer ko EarMaster don haɓaka ganewar lokaci, gano sauti, da ƙwarewar rubutun waƙa. Ikon ji da gano ci gaban sauti ta kunne yana ɗaya daga cikin ƙwarewar da ta fi dacewa da mawaƙin jazz zai iya haɓaka.

Gina Ƙungiya da Neman Masu Koyar da Waƙoƙi

Jazz kiɗa ce ta zamantakewa, kuma koyo yana faruwa da sauri a cikin al'umma. Ka halarci zaman jam a yankinka, ko da ka saurara kawai a farkon. Ka gabatar da kanka ga wasu mawaƙa kuma ka yi tambayoyi. Yawancin masu wasan da suka ƙware suna farin cikin raba shawara da wani wanda ya nuna sha'awa ta gaske.

Koyarwar da kake yi a kai tare da malamin jazz mai ƙwarewa tana ba da ra'ayoyi na musamman da babu littafi ko app da zai iya maye gurbinsa.

Ƙungiyoyin kan layi kamar FLT:0 Jazz Guitar Online, subreddit na FLT:2 r / jazz, da kungiyoyin Facebook da aka keɓe don ilimin jazz suna ba da dama don raba rikodi, yin tambayoyi, da haɗuwa da 'yan wasa a duk duniya.

Ƙarshe: Tafiya ta Rayuwa ta Jagoranci na Jazz

Abubuwan da aka jera a cikin wannan jagorar suna wakiltar cikakken tsarin karatun ga mai sauraron jazz mai son jazz, daga ka'idar tushe zuwa ingantaccen ingantawa da aikin wasan kwaikwayon. Babu littafi ko kayan aiki guda ɗaya da zai canza wasan kwaikwayon ku a cikin dare.

Ka tuna cewa jazz al'ada ce ta baki. Babban albarkatun da kake samu shine kunnuwanka. Yi amfani da littattafai da kayan aikin da aka bayyana a nan don tallafawa sauraronka da wasa, amma koyaushe ka koma ga rikodin masanan. Yi nazarin maganganun su, jin lokacin su, zaɓin jituwa. Kwafa da solo. Sanya harshensu kuma ka sa shi naka.

Kafa maƙasudai masu ma'ana: koyi sabon waƙa a mako, rubuta waƙar mawaƙa guda ɗaya a wata, kuma ku yi aiki a fili aƙalla sau ɗaya a kowane wata. Bi diddigin ci gabanku a cikin mujallar motsa jiki, lura da abin da ke aiki da abin da ke buƙatar kulawa. Yi bikin ƙananan nasara—line mai tsabta na ii-V-I, waƙar mawaƙa mai kyau a zaman jam, yabo daga wani mawaƙa mai daraja.

Jagorancin jazz marathon ne, ba tseren ba. Masu kida da kake sha'awa sun shafe dubban sa'o'i a dakin motsa jiki, a kan piano, da kuma a kan teburin. Ka rungumi aikin. Ka kasance da sha'awa. Kuma kada ka daina sauraro. Abubuwan da ke cikin wannan jagorar za su bi ka a wannan tafiya, suna ba da ja-gora da wahayi a kowane mataki na ci gabanka.