Table of Contents

Ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan

Wannan labarin ya binciki bambance-bambance na salon tsakanin wasan kwaikwayo na gargajiya da jazz low brass, ya bincika fasaha da kuma kundin tarihi na kowane al'ada, kuma yana ba da jagora mai amfani ga mawaƙa waɗanda suke so su haɓaka ƙwarewa a cikin duniyoyi biyu.

Tushen Tarihi: Al'adu Biyu, Iyali Daya

Don fahimtar bambancin salo, dole ne mu fara gane yadda ƙananan kayan kida suka samo asali a cikin kowane nau'i. A cikin kiɗa na gargajiya, trombone ya fito ne a matsayin ɗakin sujada da kayan aiki na bikin a lokacin Renaissance, wanda aka yaba da ikon haɗuwa da muryoyi da sauran kayan kida. Tuba, wanda aka ƙirƙira a farkon karni na 19, da sauri ya zama tushen tushe na ƙungiyar mawaƙa ta symphony. Masu rikodin daga Wagner zuwa Mahler sun faɗaɗa rawar ƙananan mawaƙa, suna buƙatar ƙayyadaddun intonation, sarrafawa da haɓaka, da sauti mai sauti, haɗin kai.

Jazz, wanda aka haifa a farkon karni na 20, ya ba wa masu wasa na ƙaramin ƙarfe sabon murya. Trombone, musamman a hannun majagaba kamar Jack Teagarden da J.J. Johnson, ya haɓaka harshen mai sauƙi, mai haɓaka. Tuba, da aka fara amfani dashi azaman kayan aiki mai tafiya a cikin jazz na New Orleans, daga baya ya zama sousaphone don ƙungiyoyin tafiya kuma daga ƙarshe an maye gurbin shi da ƙusa mai ƙusa a cikin saituna da yawa.

Ingancin Sauti da Samfurin Sauti

Manufofin Al'adu: Tsarkakewa, Hadin Kai, da Kuma Ka'ida

Mai kunna ƙaramin ƙaramin ƙarfe na gargajiya yana bin sauti mai duhu, mai ci gaba, da murya. Ana amfani da Vibrato a hankali a kan trombone, galibi ana samar da shi tare da motsi mai sauƙi maimakon jaws, yayin da masu kunna tuba na iya amfani da vibrato mai haske a ƙarshen jimla. Manufar ita ce haɗuwa da ƙirar ƙungiyar mawaƙa. A cikin ɓangarorin mawaƙa, kamar sanannen Boléro trombone solo ko tuba melody a Mussorgsky's FLT:2

Masu kunnawa na gargajiya suna mai da hankali kan goyon bayan iska mai ƙarfi da kuma ƙofar da ta dace don kula da sautin daidaitacce a cikin cikakken zangon kayan aiki.

Mahimman Ra'ayoyin Jazz: Hali, Daidaitawa, da Bayyanawa

Jazz low-metal tone yana da yawa mafi daidaituwa. 'Yan wasa suna tsara sautinsu don dacewa da mahallin: wani haske, yanke kai hari don babban ƙungiyar murya chorus; numfashi, kwanciyar hankali don ballad; wani m, ƙwanƙwasawa rubutu ga blues-infused solo. Vibrato ya zama muhimmin kayan aiki mai mahimmanci a cikin ballads, sauri don motsawa mai saurin saurin saurin saurin saurin saurin saurin saurin saurin saurin saurin saurin saurin saurin saurin saurin saurin saurin saurin saurin saurin saurin saurin saurin saurin saurin saurin saurin saurin saurin saurin saurin saurin saurin sa.

Masu kida na jazz suna ɗaukar nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan

Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙ

Cikakken Ainihin

A cikin wallafe-wallafen gargajiya, ana kula da alamun magana da daidaito. Staccato, tenuto, legato, marcatoduk suna buƙatar takamaiman harshe da fasahar numfashi. Harin yana da tsabta, kuma ana sarrafa sakin. Fassara yana bin layin kiɗa, galibi numfashi da yanayin yanayin yanayin yanayin waƙa. Yin wasa da Legato yana da mahimmanci, musamman a sassan lyrical na ayyukan symphonic da kuma wasan kwaikwayo na solo.

An tsara karatun gargajiya, kamar na Kopprasch, Blume, ko Bordogni, don horar da waɗannan ƙididdigar da suka dace da kuma sarrafawa mai motsi.

Jazz Syncopation da kuma Ƙarfafawa

Jazz articulation ne mafi m da kuma rhythmic. Swing takwas da sautin da aka buga tare da dogon gajeren zane, da kuma hare-haren da aka sau da yawa sanya baya ko a gaban da beat don haifar da wani ji na gaba momentum. Tongueing patterns hada fatalwowi sautunan extremely haske, kusan iska hare-haren da cewa sun nuna wani sautin ba tare da cikakken pitchda kuma slap-harshe effects for percussive punch.

Ana yin magana a cikin jazz bisa ga muryar mutum da layin saxophone. 'Yan wasa sau da yawa swing ta hanyar sarrafa tsawon bayanin kula da amfani da ƙarfin gashin gashi a cikin jumla. Scoops cikin bayanin kula (sliding up daga ƙasa) da faduwa (sliding down a ƙarshen) suna da ma'ana. Misali na gargajiya shine buɗewar Tommy Dorseys Im Getting Sentimental Over You, inda slide swoop nan da nan ya kafa salon jazz.

Nazarin rubutun manyan solo masu tayarwa yana da mahimmanci don haɗe waɗannan maganganun magana da maganganun magana. Don trombone, solo na J.J. Johnson, Curtis Fuller, da Bob Brookmeyer suna ba da dukiyar kayan haɗin jazz.

Matsayin Da Kake Yi wa Kayan Aiki

Wannan shine watakila mafi mahimmancin bambanci tsakanin al'adun biyu. Ayyukan ƙaramin ƙaramin ƙarfe na gargajiya shine fassarar farko: mawaƙa yana fahimtar rubutun mawaƙa tare da aminci, yana ƙara fassarar kawai ta hanyar motsi, magana, da sauti na sirri. Improvisation ba shi da yawa, sai dai a cikin ayyukan zamani na zamani ko cadenzas inda mawaki zai iya ba da 'yanci.

Jazz, akasin haka, an gina shi akan haɓaka. Trombonist ko tubist na jazz dole ne ya iya ƙirƙirar madaidaicin layi, layi mai kyau a kan canje-canjen kide-kide a cikin lokaci na ainihi. Wannan yana buƙatar zurfin ilimin jituwa (scales, arpeggios, tsawo na kide-kide), ƙamus mai mahimmanci (syncopation, polyrhythms), da ƙamus mai salo (blues licks, bebop lines, modal phrases).

Many jazz players also improvise more structurally by using motifs, quoting standard tunes, or paraphrasing the melody. The ability to “comp” (accompany) behind soloists is another unique skill, especially for tuba players in modern ensembles.

Hanyar da Kowane Hanyar Ta Fita

Fasaha na gargajiya

  • A cikin nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau
  • Legato slide (trombone): A hadin kai tsakanin sautunan ba tare da wani glissando, cimma ta hanyar daidaita cikakken slide lokaci da iska kwarara.
  • Fitarwa: [1] Fitarwa na gargajiya sau da yawa yana buƙatar kunna sautunan sauti (misali, babban Bb ko C akan trombone na tenor) da ƙananan sautunan pedal tare da iko.
  • Kwarewar motsi: Ikon samar da ainihin pianissimo wanda har yanzu yana nunawa a cikin babban zauren, ko fortissimo wanda baya tsallewa ko busawa.
  • Multi-phonics da sauran fasahohi masu tsawo: Duk da yake sun fi yawa a cikin kiɗa na zamani, wasu 'yan wasa suna amfani da raira waƙa yayin wasa don samar da kwado ko tasirin kuka.

Fasaha na Jazz

  • FLT:0]]Plunger da harmonic mutes: FLT:1]] Ana amfani dashi don ƙirƙirar wah-wah da sauran tasirin sauti.
  • Growling da flutter-tongue: Yana samar da sauti mai tsauri, mai tsananin ƙarfi ta hanyar yin kuka a cikin wuya ko mirgine harshe. Wannan yana ƙara ƙarfin bluesy.
  • Slides, glissandos, da smears: Jazz trombone ya hada da cikakkun glissandos (ɓofofin baki sun fi yawa a cikin gargajiya), galibi ana amfani dasu don haɗa jimloli ko jaddada bayanin kula.
  • ]Spang-a-lang da kuma tsarin syncopated: ] Ana buga abubuwa masu rikitarwa, sau da yawa daga magunguna, a kan kayan aiki a matsayin wani ɓangare na sautin sautin sautin.
  • Half-valve da sauran tasirin lasifika: Rashin matsin lamba a tsakiyar hanya don ƙirƙirar murya mai laushi, mai laushi fasaha ce da aka karɓa daga 'yan wasa kamar Miles Davis a kan ƙaho.

Magana da kuma mahallin wasan kwaikwayon

Kayan gargajiya na ƙaramin jan ƙarfe

A cikin kundin waƙoƙin waƙoƙin waƙoƙin waƙoƙin waƙoƙin waƙoƙin waƙoƙin waƙoƙin waƙoƙin waƙoƙin waƙoƙin waƙoƙin waƙoƙin waƙoƙin waƙoƙin waƙoƙin waƙoƙin waƙoƙin waƙoƙin waƙoƙin waƙoƙin waƙoƙin waƙoƙin waƙoƙin waƙoƙin waƙoƙin waƙoƙin waƙoƙin waƙoƙin waƙoƙin waƙoƙin waƙoƙin waƙoƙin waƙoƙin waƙoƙin waƙoƙin waƙoƙin waƙoƙin waƙoƙin waƙoƙin waƙoƙin waƙoƙin waƙoƙin waƙoƙin waƙoƙin waƙoƙin waƙoƙin waƙoƙin waƙoƙin waƙoƙin waƙoƙin waƙoƙin waƙoƙin waƙoƙin waƙoƙin waƙoƙin waƙoƙin waƙoƙin waƙoƙin waƙoƙin waƙoƙin waƙoƙin waƙoƙin

Jazz Low Brass Repertoire

Masu kida na jazz suna aiki daga takardun jagora (Littafin Gaskiya ko makamancin haka), manyan ƙungiyoyi, da al'adun baka. Sautin misali kamar All Blues (FLT: 0), Autumn Leaves (FLT: 3), da kuma FLT: 4 Take the A Train (FLT: 5) sune kayan aiki na yau da kullun don haɓaka. Sassan trombone na babban ƙungiyar galibi suna da tsauraran, abubuwan haɗin kai na ƙungiyar tare da wuraren zama (misali, tsoffin jadawalin Thad Jones ko Count Basie). Masu kunna tuba a cikin jazz na gargajiya na iya kunna layin bass na tafiya ko shiga layin gaba don waƙa. Jazz na zamani, gami da aikin Bob Brookmeyer (valve trombone) ko Howard Johnson (tuba), ya faɗaɗa rawar ƙananan lasifika a cikin haɓaka.

Manyan 'Yan Wasa da Suka Sauka a Yanayin da Ya dace

Wasu masu fasaha na ƙaramin ƙarfe sun sami iko a cikin duka saitunan gargajiya da na jazz. Trombonist Christian Lindberg yafi kasancewa ɗan wasan kwaikwayo na gargajiya amma kuma ya rubuta ayyukan da ke da tasirin jazz. J.J. Johnson ya kawo daidaito na gargajiya ga aikinsa na jazz, yayin da yake yin aiki da rikodi tare da ƙungiyoyin gargajiya. Tuba virtuoso Roger Bobo FLT:5 an yi masa bikin ne don wasan kwaikwayo na solo na gargajiya, amma ya kuma yi aiki tare da mawaƙa na jazz. George Lewis FLT:6 (trombone) ya kasance majagaba na ingantaccen aiki yayin da yake riƙe da tushe mai ƙarfi a cikin jazz na gargajiya. Don misalai na zamani, TFLT:8 Martin (TFLT:9 Stezz) da kuma Late Schulz (TFLT:10) suna nuna yanayin yanayin trombone na gargajiya (TFLT:11).

Abubuwan da Za a Yi la'akari da Kayan Aiki da Kuma Saitawa

Kayan aiki da zaɓin bakin sau da yawa sun bambanta tsakanin masu kunnawa na gargajiya da na jazz. Masu wasan trump na gargajiya suna amfani da manyan kayan aiki (0.547 ′′ ko mafi girma) tare da bakin mai nauyi don samar da duhu, mai tsakiya. Masu kunnawa na jazz galibi suna amfani da matsakaitan trumps (0.500 0.525 ′′) don sauƙin sassauƙa da haske, wani lokacin tare da ƙarami, bakin bakin mai zurfi don saurin magana. Masu kunnawa na tuba a cikin yanayin gargajiya suna son manyan kayan aikin bawul mai juyawa tare da dumi, murya mai faɗi, yayin da masu kunnawa na jazz tuba na iya amfani da ƙarami, kayan aikin bawul mai saurin piston don saurin sauri. Zaɓuɓɓukan masu shuru kuma suna bambanta: masu kunnawa na gargajiya suna da cikakkiyar saitin waƙoƙin wasan kwaikwayo, yayin da masu kunnawa na jazz ke son plungers da buckets don takamaiman sakamako.

Nasihu Mai Amfani don Yin Hadin Gwiwa

  1. Ku nutse cikin rikodin biyu. Ku saurari ayyukan mawaƙa na gargajiya da ƙa'idodin jazz. Ku gano zaɓin sauti da kalmomin da masu kunna ƙananan ƙarfe suka yi a kowane mahallin.
  2. ]Ka maye gurbin aikinka. [ ] Ka sadaukar da warming ups daban-daban ga kayan gargajiya (misali, dogon sautuna, nazarin gudana) da kuma sauƙin jazz (misali, layin lebe tare da sautin syncopated, tsarin magana na swing).
  3. ] Nazarin ka'idar jazz da jituwa. Koyi alaƙar sikelin kide-kide, yi aiki da haɓaka akan ci gaban FLT:2-V-I, da kuma rubuta solo daga masanan jazz.
  4. ]Gwaji tare da shiru da sakamako. [ ] Sami kwanciyar hankali tare da plunger, harmon, da bucket shiru. Yi amfani da su a cikin sassan gargajiya (misali, Berlioz) da kuma waƙoƙin jazz.
  5. Yi wasa a cikin ƙungiyoyi daban-daban. [ ] Shiga ƙungiyar mawaƙa ta al'umma, babban rukuni, ƙarfe biyar na tagulla, da haɗin jazz. Kowane saiti zai ƙalubalance ku don daidaita sautinku da tsarinku.
  6. ]Bincika masu koyar da nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan

Ga waɗanda suke son zurfafa zurfafawa, albarkatu kamar Makarantar Colburn (FLT:1) (shirye-shiryen gargajiya da jazz) da kuma FLT:2 Jazz a Lincoln Center suna ba da kyakkyawan jagora. Bugu da ƙari, la'akari da karanta tarihin jazz na Smithsonian don daidaita juyin halitta na ƙananan ƙarfe a cikin nau'in.

Ƙarshen

Binciken wasa na ƙaramin ƙarfe a cikin jazz da kiɗa na gargajiya ya bayyana hanyoyi biyu masu ban sha'awa amma na fasaha. Kayan ƙaramin ƙarfe na gargajiya yana buƙatar horo, haɗuwa, da kuma sadaukarwa ga hangen nesa na mawaki; jazz low brass yana ba da lada ga mutum, ɗaukar haɗari, da kirkira na kai tsaye. Ta hanyar fahimtar buƙatun fasaha da ma'ana na kowane salon, da kuma ta hanyar yin aiki da duka biyun, mawaƙa na iya zama cikakkun masu fasaha. Tafiya daga sassan da suka dace na symphony na Brahms zuwa gawargwadon blues na jazz solo ba sauki baneamma ga waɗanda suka rungumi ƙalubalen, lada suna da girma. Mai kunna ƙaramin ƙaramin ƙarfe wanda zai iya kewayawa cikin duniyoyi biyu da gaske yana da murya mai ƙarfi.