Jazz, amụrụ na omenala fermentation nke mmalite nke narị afọ nke 20 New Orleans, e mepụtara site a usoro nke mgbanwe ụdị, onye ọ bụla na-emegharị nkà nke improvisation - genre na-adịgide adịgide obi. Si polyphonic n'okporo ámá Storyville ka experimental lofts nke oge a obodo, jazz improvisation egosipụta ma nkà na ụzụ nna ukwu na mmetụta uche omimi nke ya na-eme ya. Ịghọta ọganihu nke ụdị ndị a tinyere ha pụrụ iche improvisation usoro na-enwu gbaa ihe mmụọ nke jazz na ya na-aga n'ihu mkparịta ụka na ụwa music, technology, na mgbanwe ọha na eze.

Jazz Oge Ochie na New Orleans Style

New Orleans na mmalite nke narị afọ bụ ihe na-akpata ọdịnala egwu: blues, ragtime, brass band marches, spiritals, na Caribbean rhythms. Ihe ndekọ jazz mbụ site na gburugburu 1917 na-ejide ụdị egwu egwu nke e wuru na nkwalite mkpokọta, ebe cornet, clarinet, na trombone kpara ahịrị melodical n'otu oge gburugburu ntọala nke ụda.

Ụzọ Ndị Dị Mkpa n'Ime Ka Ihe Dị Mma n'Oge Ochie

  • N'ime akara ngosi New Orleans mbụ (cornet, clarinet, trombone), ngwá ọrụ ọ bụla nwere ọrụ akọwapụtara. Cornet na-ebu ụda, clarinet kpara gburugburu ya, trombone na-egwu nkwekọ na-esepụghị aka na-emepụta ihe mgbagwoju anya, ihe mgbochi na-adịghị ahụkebe.
  • Medotic mma na variation: Ndị egwu ga-ewere ụda dị mfe dị ka "Mgbe ndị nsọ na-aga ije" ma gbanwee ụda ya, tinye ụda olu, ma ọ bụ mebie ya n'ime mpempe, na-ewu solo site na ụda ahụ n'onwe ya kama ịgbanwe ụda olu.
  • Kpọọ na nzaghachi: FTL: 1 Ejiri site na egwu ọrụ na egwu ụka, usoro a gụnyere "kpọọ" solo nke ndị otu (ma ọ bụ onye ọ bụla ọzọ na-abụ abụ), na-emepụta nrụgide na ntọhapụ dị egwu.
  • Barrelhouse na piano stride: Na solo ma ọ bụ obere ìgwè, ndị pianist jiri aka ekpe mee ihe (na-eme ihe dị ka tenths na octaves) mgbe ha na-emezi ụda aka nri, usoro nke mechara metụta ndị pianist swing dị ka Fats Waller.

Ụdị mbụ a mesiri ike na-eme ka ndị mmadụ nwee ike ịmepụta ihe karịa onye ọ bụla, na-eme ka jazz bụrụ mkparịta ụka n'etiti ndị na-egwu egwu. Mmetụta nke ụda olu blues, ụda olu, na ụda olu na-agagharị agagharị na-emetụta ihe ndị a, na-eme ka jazz mara ozugbo site na ụda "na-adịghị ọcha" ya na mmetụta na-akpali akpali.

Oge Swing na Nnukwu Ndị Na-eme Ihe n'Eziokwu

Site na 1930s, jazz agafeela site na obere New Orleans combos gaa na ụlọ oriri na ọ danceụ danceụ nke Chicago, New York, na Kansas City, ebe nnukwu ndị egwu iri na isii na-achịkwa. Swing Era (ihe dị ka 19351945) wetara jazz na igwe mmadụ site na redio, ndekọ, na mgbasa ozi dị ndụ site na ebe dị ka Savoy Ballroom. Ndị isi dị ka Duke Ellington, Count Basie, na Benny Goodman kwadoro akụkụ dị nro nke ọma na-ede na solo, na-ekepụta usoro dị egwu nke na-atọ ndị na-agba egwu na ndị na-ege ntị ụtọ.

Ịgba Ọsọ n'Oge Nnukwu Band

  • [1] [2] [3] [4] [4] [4] [5] [5] [5] [5] [5] [5] [6] [6] [6] [6] [6] [6] [6] [7] [7] [7] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [9] [9] [9] [9] [9] [9] [9] [9] [9] [9] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10]
  • Riff-based improvisation: Na Basie band na ndị ọzọ, ndị na-abụ abụ na-ewu ahịrịokwu site na okwu dị mfe, na-ekwughachi (riffs) nke ndị otu ahụ nwere ike igwu egwu n'azụ ha, na-ekepụta mmetụta oku na nzaghachi.
  • [1] Blues na pentatonic scales: [2] Swing soloists dabere na ụda blues (na atọ ya na nke asaa ya) na ụkpụrụ pentatonic iji mepụta okwu, solo ala. Ihe ndekọ Hawkins nke 1939 "Otu na Mkpụrụ Obi" gosipụtara otu solo nwere ike isi mepụta arịlịka ụda karịa mgbanwe akọn, na-emetụta bebop mgbe e mesịrị.
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Oge Swing hụkwara mmụba nke obere ìgwè n'ime nnukwu ndị otu (dịka, Benny Goodman's trio ma ọ bụ quartet), na-enye ohere maka imeziwanye ihe. Omenala jam nke kụrụ afọ n'ala mgbe ọtụtụ awa gasịrị na klọb dị ka Minton's Playhouse na Harlem ghọrọ ihe na-akpata mgbanwe mgbanwe ọzọ.

Bebop: Ihe Ndị Na-eme Ka Mmadụ Dị Uche n'Ihe na Ihe Ndị Na-eme Ka Mmadụ Dị Uche

N'oge 1940s, otu ìgwè ndị na-eto eto na-egwu egwu bụ Charlie Parker (alto sax), Dizzy Gillespie (trumpet), Thelonious Monk (piano), na Kenny Clarke (drums) malitere ịkwanye jazz n'ụzọ dị egwu. Bebop jụrụ ụda olu nke swing na-adabere na agba ọsọ, ụda dị mgbagwoju anya, na nnwale nkwekọrịta. Nke a bụ egwu maka ige ntị nke ọma, na-egwu na obere combos (quintets ma ọ bụ quartets) ebe ndị solo nwere ike ịgbatị. Akụkụ ụda (piano, bass, drums) na-arụ ọrụ mmekọrịta, na njem cymbal na-edebe oge mgbe pianist "na-eme" na ụda olu.

Ụzọ Isi Mee Ka Ihe Na-aga nke Ọma

  • Ndị na-egwu egwu Bebop na-eji agbanwe ma ọ bụ dochie akọntị ọkọlọtọ dochie akọntị ọkọlọtọ (dịka, nnọchi tritone maka akọntị na-achịkwa), na-eke ụzọ harmonic bara ụba.
  • Ndị na-egwu egwu jiri ụda chromatic na-agafe iji lekwasị anya na ụda ụda, na-ewulite nrụgide nke na-edozi na-atụghị anya ya. "Bebop ọnụ ọgụgụ"a nnukwu ọnụ ọgụgụ na ụda chromatic na-agafe n'etiti ogo ise na nke isii ghọrọ ngwá ọrụ ọkọlọtọ.
  • Tone nke ụda olu gbasaa (9th, 11th, 13th): Kama ịkọwapụta triads ma ọ bụ ụda olu nke asaa, ndị na-egwu bebop na-emesi mgbatị elu ike, na-enye ụda olu nke oge a, nke ọma.
  • Faster, mgbagwoju anya melodic edoghi: Eighth-note na-agba ọsọ ọsọ ọsọ, na-ejikọta arpeggios na usoro, na-achọ usoro pụrụ iche.
  • ]Rhythmic displacement and syncopation: Bebop drummer Max Roach mepụtara a style ebe na-agba ịnyịnya cymbal nọgidere na-a ike mgbe bass drum na snare kwukwara punctuations, mgbe accentuating beats 2 na 4 ma ọ bụ na-agbaji oge mmetụta.

Bebop gbanwere jazz site na ntụrụndụ ndị a ma ama n'ime ụdị nka ọgụgụ isi. Improvisation ya chọrọ nghọta miri emi nke nkà mmụta sayensịihe ọmụma nke ọnụ ọgụgụ, ụdọ, na ụdị (nke na-adabere na usoro abụ ndị a ma ama dịka "mgbanwe nke ụda")na ihe okike ozugbo. Mmetụta nke ụdị ahụ na-adịgide na agụmakwụkwọ jazz taa, dịka ụmụ akwụkwọ na-amụ solo na-agbanwe agbanwe ma na-eme "mgbanwe".

Hard Bop na Soul Jazz: Blueesy Roots na Gospel Passion

Dị ka ihe mgbagwoju anya nke bebop mgbe ụfọdụ alienated ndị na-ege ntị, a mmeghachi omume na 1950s wetara jazz azụ ya blues na gospel ntọala. Hard bop, pioneered site na ndị egwú dị ka Art Blakey, Horace Silver, na Cannonball Adderley, nọgidere na bebop harmonic sophistication ma infused ya na ihe earthly ngwa ngwa, oku na nzaghachi, na modal mmetụta.

Ịgba Ọsọ na Hard Bop na Soul Jazz

  • [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [5] [6] [6] [6] [6] [6] [6] [6] [7] [7] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [9] [9] [9] [9] [9] [9] [9] [9] [9] [9] [9] [9] [9] [9] [9] [9] [9] [9] [9] [9] [9] [9] [9] [9] [9] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10]
  • [1] N'ime Blakey's Jazz Messengers, mpi ga-aza okwu onye na-abụ abụ na-eme ka mmekọrịta dị egwu. Usoro a na-eme ka egwu ahụ na-ekwurịta okwu ozugbo.
  • [1] Flt:0]]Groove-oriented improvisation: [2] Flt: 1]] Soul jazz players often locked in a deep, repetitive groove, allowing them to explore longer solos with gradual builds. Organist Jimmy Smith used the Hammond B-3's sustained bass pedals and whirling Leslie speaker to create a hypnotic background for his blues-drinking lines.
  • [1] Ọ bụ ezie na ọ bụghị dị ka ihe dị egwu dị ka jazz modal, ndị na-egwu egwu hard bop na-ejikarị ọnọdụ (ọkachasị Dorian na Mixolydian) eme ihe na-enweghị isi na ndị vamps static, usoro nke gosipụtara mgbanwe modal.

Hard bop na mkpụrụ obi jazz mere ka nkwalite dị mfe ma na-emetụta mmetụta uche, na-enweghị ịchụ ihe ọhụrụ nke bebop.

Jazz Modal: Nnwere Onwe Site n'Ọkwa

N'ọgwụgwụ afọ ndị 1950, ọ bụ ọdịdị nke jazz modal ka e mere ka ọ gbanwee, nke a ghọtara nke ọma na Miles Davis' 1959 album Flt:0 Kind of Blue Flt: 1. Modal jazz belatara mgbanwe ngwa ngwa na-agbanwe agbanwe na-eme ka ọ dị mma n'otu ọnụ ọgụgụ ma ọ bụ ọnọdụ maka oge dị ogologo, na-eme ka ndị na-abụ abụ pụọ na mgbochi nke mgbanwe na-aga n'ihu. Ọrụ John Coltrane mechara, ọkachasị na albums dị ka Flt: 3 My Favorite Things na Flt: 4 A Love Supreme Flt: 5, kpaliri mmegharị ngwa ngwa, na-eji ya dị ka springboard maka okwu ime mmụọ na nyocha teknụzụ.

Usoro nke Modal Improvisation

  • Nnyocha dị elu na mkpụrụ ndụ ụda: Kama ịkọwapụta ụda, ndị na-egwu egwu na-ewu ụda site na ụda nke otu usoro (dịka Dorian, Phrygian, ma ọ bụ Lydian). Coltrane na "So What" na-egwu ogologo okwu, nke a na-agbanwe agbanwe nke na-arịgo n'ọtụtụ Dorian, na-ekepụta àgwà ntụgharị uche, na-asọ asọ.
  • Ogologo okwu okwu: Na-enweghị nrụgide nke mgbanwe ụda olu ugboro ugboro, ndị na-eme ngwa ngwa nwere ike ịmepụta ogologo okwu, olu olu. Trumpet nke Miles Davis na "Flamenco Sketches" na-eji okwu dị nro, nke na-eku ume nke na-ewu nwayọ.
  • ]Rhythmic and dynamic variation: ] Modal sections often relied on a steady pulse (mgbe mgbe a abụọ-beat mmetụta ma ọ bụ a nwayọọ swing), ikwe ka soloists iji ngwa ngwa displacement, ịgbachi nkịtị, na dynamic swells maka mmetụta uche mmetụta.
  • [1] Flut:0 [1] Ojiji nke pentatonic na blues scales n'ime ọnọdụ: [2] Ọbụna na ọnọdụ modal, ndị na-egwu egwu na-abanye na blues inflections iji gbakwunye ala. Bill Evans piano solo na Kind of Blue [3] jikọtara ịdị ọcha modal na ụda chromatic na-agafe na bluesy flatted fifths.
  • Mgbasawanye na-abụghị ọdịda anyanwụ: [1] Modal jazz meghere ụzọ maka ụda sitere na ragas ndị India, maqams Arabic, na pentatonics Africa, nke Coltrane na ndị ọzọ mechara jiri ya mee ihe.

Modal jazz nọchiri anya nnwere onwe site na mgbagwoju anya nke bebop, na-enye ndị na-eme ihe n'onwe ha ohere ilekwasị anya na ụda, ọnọdụ, na mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya.

Jazz Free na Avant-Garde

Na mmalite afọ 1960, a malitere ịhapụ ihe dị iche iche: free jazz, nke ọsụ ụzọ ya bụ alto saxophonist Ornette Coleman na pianist Cecil Taylor. Free jazz jụrụ ihe ndị bụ isi nke ọdịnala jazz fixed chord changes, mgbe nile tempo, na ọbụna ọdịdị ọdịnalan'ihu nkwalite nkwalite nke na-adị nnọọ na-enweghị isi. Nke a abụghị ọgba aghara, kama ọ bụ ụdị ọhụrụ nke nhazi dabere na mmepe nke ihe, mmekọrịta ederede, na nkwalite ìgwè.

Ụzọ Ndị Na-eme Ka Ihe Dị Mma n'Ebe Jazz Dị

  • Akwukwo egwu: Kama ịmalite na ụda olu ma ọ bụ ọganihu akọrdi, ndị egwu na-amalite na ụda, ụda, ma ọ bụ ọkwa ike, wee mepụta usoro ịmara.
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  • Ndị na-egwu egwu na-eji ụda olu, multiphonics (na-emepụta ụda abụọ n'otu oge), pịa bọtịnụ, na mkpịsị aka na-adịghị mma iji mepụta ụda ọhụrụ. John Coltrane's sheets of soundrapid, chromatic runs that blur into a harmonic cloudexample this approach.
  • Free tempo na metric mgbanwe: Ọ dịghị mgbe nile beat; music nwere ike ịbawanye, dị ngwa ngwa, ma ọ bụ kwụsị kpamkpam dabere na ìgwè intuition. Drums mgbe na-egwu coloristic, gbajiri oge kama ịma jijiji.
  • [1] N'agbanyeghị na ọ dị ka ọ dị na-enweghị ihe ọ bụla, free jazz na-adabere na ugboro ugboro na mgbanwe nke obere mkpụrụ ndụ (ihe ndị na-akpali akpali) na-eme ka arụmọrụ ahụ dị n'otu.

Free jazz bụ ihe ọha na eze kwuru dị ka a egwu otu ọ na-ama aka ịkpa ókè agbụrụ, ụkpụrụ ụlọ ọrụ, na commoditization nke nkà. ya improvisation asụsụ emetụtaghị nanị mgbe e mesịrị jazz kamakwa oge a oge ochie na nnwale music.

Ịdị n'Otu Jazz-Rock na Ihe Ndị Ọzọ

Site na ngwụsị afọ 1960 na 1970, ndị na-egwu egwu jazz malitere itinye ihe ndị dị na rock, funk, na ngwá electronic, na-akpata njikọta. Ndị otu dị ka Miles Davis' electric bands (FLT:0) (In a Silent Way (FLT: 1), FLT: 2 Bitches Brew (FLT: 3), Weather Report, na Return to Forever jikọtara egwu egwu jazz na egwu egwu, ngwa ngwa, na mmetụta studio. Oge a hụkwara ịrị elu nke mkpụrụ obi-jazz na acid jazz na 1990s, na n'ikpeazụ ụdị dị iche iche nke jazz oge a.

Mgbakwunye na Ụzọ Ime Ihe Ọgbara Ọhụrụ

  • Igwe eji egwu egwu na mmetụta eletrik: Ndị na-egwu guitar dị ka John McLaughlin na Pat Metheny jiri nkedo, wah-wah, na igbu oge pedal iji kpụzie ndị solo ha.
  • Fusion na-ejikarị ụda azụ funk, meters dị iche iche (5/4, 7/8), na polyrhythms sitere na egwu ụwa. Drummer Tony Williams na-egwu egwu na ike dị ka nkume, na-akwalite mmetụta nke egwu.
  • Akụkụ dị iche iche nke usoro ihe omume na-agwakọta ihe na-agwakọta ihe na-agwakọta ihe na-agwakọta ihe na-agwakọta ihe na-agwakọta ihe na-agwakọta ihe na-agwakọta ihe na-agwakọta ihe na-agwakọta ihe na-agwakọta ihe na-agwakọta ihe na-agwakọta ihe na-agwakọta ihe na-agwakọta ihe na-agwakọta ihe na-agwakọta ihe na-agwakọta ihe na-agwakọta ihe na-agwakọta ihe na-agwakọta ihe na-agwakọta ihe na-agwakọta ihe na-agwakọta ihe na-agwakọta ihe na-agwakọta ihe na-agwakọta ihe na-agwakọta ihe na-agwakọta ihe na-agwakọta ihe na-agwakọta ihe na-agwakọta ihe na-agwakọta ihe na-agwakọta ihe na-agwakọta ihe na-agwakọta ihe na-agwakọta ihe na-agwakọta ihe na-agwakọta ihe na-agwakọta ihe na-agwakọta ihe
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  • Nkà na ụzụ mwekota: Loopers, sample triggers, na ndụ ngwá electronic ekwe ka oge a improvisers layer ụda na ozugbo, na-eke dense, evolving textures. artists dị ka Robert Glasper na Kamasi Washington jikọta acoustic jazz improvisation na hip-hop beats na electronic mmepụta.

Jazz oge a na-agụnyekwa mmekọrịta dị iche iche: Esperanza Spalding na-ejikọta ụda olu Brazil na ụdị ọdịnala; Vijay Iyer na-eji usoro okirikiri sitere na egwu India; Christian Scott aTunde Adjuah na-etinye ụda olu na mmetụta Mardi Gras nke India.

Mmụọ Ịgba Ụzọ Na-adịgide Adịgide

Site na nchịkọta polyphony nke New Orleans Jazz na ihu igwe nke ọdịdị eletrọniki nke njikọta nke taa, nkwalite abụwo ihe na-ekpebi jazz. Ọdịdị ọ bụla nke ụdị bebop's harmonical leaps, modal jazz's lyrical freedoms, free jazz's collective risk-takingagbakwunyere ngwaọrụ ọhụrụ, usoro, na nkà ihe ọmụma na ngwa ọrụ nke onye na-akwalite ihe. Maka ndị egwu, ịmụ ụdị ndị a abụghị banyere imegharị kama banyere ịmịnye okwu iji zụlite olu nkeonwe. Maka ndị na-ege ntị, ịghọta evolushọn na-eme ka ahụmịhe nke ịnụ egwu egwu na-enweghị atụ na-abawanye ụba.

Maka nkọwa zuru ezu banyere akụkọ ihe mere eme jazz, nyochaa ihe ndekọ nke FLT:2 All About Jazz. Gụkwuo nghọta gị banyere usoro ndị akọwapụtara site na FLT:4 The Jazz Piano Site na FLT:6 Jazz Advice. Maka echiche ndị ọkà mmụta, gụọ FLT:8 Oxford Bibliographies on Jazz.