Ụtụtụ nke Olu Ọla kọpa: Site n'Ihe Ndị E Dere n'Oge Ochie Ruo n'Ihe Ndị E Dere n'Oge Ochie

Akụkọ banyere ngwá egwú ala na-amalite ọ bụghị n'ụlọ oriri na nkwari, kama na ụda mbụ nke mpi anụmanụ, mkpịsị ụkwụ oghere, na metal a kụrụ aka nke ndị oge ochie ji maka nkwukọrịta, ememe, na agha. Ka ọ na-erule mgbe ndị mbụ na-egwu egwu malitere na narị afọ nke 17, ndị na-eme ihe nkiri ejirila ọtụtụ narị afọ mee ka ụkpụrụ ndị bụ isi nke ezinụlọ ọla kọpa dị mma: ọnụ ọnụ dị ka iko, mgbịrịgba flared, na ogologo ọkpọkọ nke na-ekpebi ụda olu. Ọganihu site na ngwaọrụ mgbaàmà gaa na ngwá egwú bụ akụkọ banyere ọgụgụ isi mmadụ na ebumnuche nka.

Ezi nna nna mbụ nke akụkụ ọla kọpa dị ala nke oge a bụ sackbut: FLT: 1, nke pụtara na narị afọ nke 15 na France ma gbasaa ngwa ngwa na Europe. N'adịghị ka opi na mpi, nke na-ejedebe na usoro ụda olu ma chọọ ndị ohi ma ọ bụ ịkwụsị aka, sackbut jiri tube U-shaped na-esepụsị nke na-enye onye na-egwu ya ohere ịmepụta ụda ọ bụla nke ụda chromatic na-agbanwe agbanwe. Ọ bụ ngwá ọla kọpa mbụ nke nyere mgbanwe zuru oke na ndekọ dị ala. A wuru sackbuts n'ọtụtụ nha: sackbut, tenor, na bass.

Otú ọ dị, site na njedebe nke oge Baroque, sackbut dara na-enweghị mmasị na ọtụtụ orchestral ntọala, dochie ya na FLT: 0 agwọ. ụda ya dị egwu ma na-adịghị n'otu n'otu, ma ọ na-enye ụda bass dị mkpa na chọọchị na ndị agha. Ophicleide, patented na 1821, mma na brass na-enye a oge a na-ahụ maka nnukwu hood, zuru ezu intonation na ịdị mfe nke ịkọwapụta.

Oge Oge Ochie na Oge Ịhụnanya: Valves Usher in a New Era

Oge oge ochie hụrụ trombone, nke a na-emeziwanye ugbu a na slide dị mma na atụmatụ nke ọma, laghachi na egwu egwu egwu. Agbanyeghị, ojiji ya na-ejedebe na opera na ọrụ dị nsọ, na-ejikarị oge dị egwu nke emume karịrị okike ma ọ bụ ememme.

The FlT:0 Romantic oge (ihe dị ka 18201900) bụ a watershed. The invention na ngwa nke FlT:2 valves, mbụ rotary, mgbe ahụ piston nnwere onwe ọla ntị ngwá site na mmachi nke eke harmonics. A valvụ ngwá nwere ike igwu ọ bụla ụda chromatically enweghị crooks ma ọ bụ slide mgbanwe, na-enye onye na-eme ihe nkiri na-enweghị atụ agility na ngosipụta akara. Nke a otu ọhụrụ gbanwere ala ọla ntị si a na-akwado olu n'ime a isi orchestral agba. The valvụ usoro, pioneered site inventors dị ka Heinrich StölzelFLT:5 na FlT:6Frich Blühmel trumpT:7), mbụ etinyere na nnukwu trumpets na mpi tupu a na-emegharị maka ngwá.

Ọmụmụ nke Tuba

Na 1835, onye Germany mepụtara Johann Gottfried Moritz na onye isi otu egwu bụ Wilhelm Wieprecht patented tuba, nnukwu valvụ ọla kọpa nke e mere iji nye ezi olu bass maka ezinụlọ ọla kọpa. Tub ahụ dochiri agwọ na ophicleide ngwa ngwa na ma orchestras na ndị agha. Ọ dị omimi, ụda dị ukwuu na mgbanwe chromatic ọhụrụ ya mere ka ọ dị mkpa. Richard Wagner, na-achọ mgbe niile ụda ọhụrụ, ọ bụghị naanị dere akụkụ dị ịrịba ama na ya RingT: 8FLTFL, kamakwa o mepụtara usoro nke T:10Tubber.

A Na-agbasa Mgbasa Ọgwụ

The trombone Flt: 3 e redesigned na a ibu oghere, a wider mgbịrịgba, na mgbe e mesịrị a abụọ valvụ (D ma ọ bụ Eb) na-enye ọbụna ukwuu ala-ndepụta ike na chromatic mfe. The ọkọlọtọ Romantic orchestral nhazi ghọrọ abụọ tenor trombones na otu bass trombone, a setup na-ewu ewu taa.

Maka isi iyi nwere ikike na mmepe nke usoro valvụ, gụọ nke a Britannica ntinye na ọla kọpa ngwá valvụ .

Narị Afọ nke 20: Ịgbasa Mpaghara na Ịrụpụta Ụda Ọhụrụ

The ]20th century wetara oké nnwale na nnukwu mgbasa nke ala ala ala palette. Composers gara n'elu ụda harmony na conventional orchestration, na ala ala ala ngwá e-akpọ ka na-emepụta ọhụrụ ụda na gbasaa usoro. Manufacturing ọhụrụ dị ka nkenke sere bores, eriri-njikọ valves, na ìhè alloys mma intonation, atụgharị, na player nkasi obi. Performers nakweere usoro gụnyere flt-asụsụ, glissandi, multiphonics (na-abụ abụ mgbe na-akpọ), quarter-tone bends, na a dịgasị iche iche iche nke mutes (plunger, cup, Harmon, bucket) na timbres mgbe mbụ nụrụ na music. The mmepe nke onwe trombone valves kere ọbụna n'ihu na-ekwe omume na-eme ka trombone na-eto eto eto eto na mbụ na 1970s.

Ihe Ndị E Ji Emepụta Ihe na Ihe Ndị E Ji Emepụta Ihe

Akụkụ brass dị ala bịara dịkwuo mkpa ma na-agwụ ike. Igor Stravinsky [1] [2] [3] [3] [4] jiri brass glissandi mee ihe n'ụzọ dị egwu na Rite of Spring [3] [4] [4] [4] [4] [4] [4] [4] [4] [5] [4] [5] [6]. Leonard Bernstein nyere ngalaba trombone a jazzy, ike dị elu na Symphonic Dances from West Side Story. [5] [6] Dmitri Shostakovich [7] [5] [5] [5] [5] na-eji brass dị ala na grotesque, sardonic marches na chilling climaxes, dị ka na ya [7] [8] [5] [5] [5] [5] [5] [5] [5] na Eleventh Symphony: [8] [5].

Ụdị Ihe Ndị E Ji Akụ Taa

  • Tronbone Tenor: Tronbone nke oge a na-enwekarị ihe dị mfe ma na-eme ka ọ dịkwuo mfe.
  • Bass trombone: A buru ibu ngwá ọrụ na abụọ valves (na-emekarị F na D / Eb), na-enye ọbụna ukwuu ala-ndepụta ike na mgbanwe. Modern bass trombones na-enyekwa onwe ha valve usoro na-enye a kpamkpam chromatic ala ndekọ ala ruo pedal Bb na karịrị.
  • Contrabass trombone : A na-etinye octave n'okpuru tenor, nke a na-eji maka ụda dị ala na ọrụ avant-garde na ihe nkiri nkiri nkiri mgbe ụfọdụ. Ọ chọrọ nkwado iku ume dị ukwuu ma na-emepụta ụda ọkpụkpụ.
  • Tuba (CC, BB, F, ma ọ bụ EE) [1]: Ntọala nke ngalaba ọla kọpa; tubas contrabass (CC ma ọ bụ BB) bụ ụkpụrụ na nnukwu orchestras maka omimi na atụgharị ha. F tuba, na obere ụda ya na ụda dị mfe, na-amasị na egwu ụlọ na egwu solo maka agility ya na lyrical àgwà.
  • Euphonium / Baritone horn: Ọ na-eji ya eme ihe mgbe ụfọdụ maka ndị na-eme egwu egwu egwu na-ekpo ọkụ ma ọ bụ iji okpukpu abụọ nke akụkụ trombone na ụda olu dị mma. Euphonium bụ ihe a na-ahụkarị na ọdịnala ndị egwu egwu British, mana ụda ọgaranya ya achọtawo ebe na ụfọdụ ọrụ ndị egwu egwu nke ndị ode dị ka Gustav Holst na Ralph Vaughan Williams.

Taa, onye na-egwu ala ala ala ga-abụ onye na-agbanwe agbanwe, na-agagharị n'enweghị nsogbu n'etiti egwu egwu egwu egwu, ihe nkiri na egwuregwu vidio, jazz na nnukwu egwu, na egwu ụlọ oge a. Ịghọta usoro ihe omume arụmọrụ akụkọ ihe mere eme dị ka iji ọla edo nkịtị na orchestras oge-ngwaọrụ dị mkpa dị ka ịmara usoro ndị dị ugbu a. Maka nkọwa ndị ọzọ gbasara mmepe nke usoro ala ala dị na narị afọ nke 20 na 21, lee FLT:2Nkọwapụta a nke mmepe nke ọla edo.

Ịkụziri Ụmụ Ihe na Ịmụta Ya: Ịkụziri Ụmụ Mmadụ Ihe n'Ụzọ Dị Ala na Narị Afọ Iri Na Otu

Mmụta dị ala dị ala taa na-agwakọta ntọala nka ọdịnala na ịmara akụkọ ihe mere eme na nkà ihe ọmụma nke ndị na-eme ihe nkiri. Ụmụ akwụkwọ ga-azụlite nkà zuru oke nke na-ejere ha ozi n'ọtụtụ ụdị egwu. Onye nkuzi dị ala nke oge a na-eche ihe ịma aka nke ịkwadebe ụmụ akwụkwọ maka ọrụ nke chọrọ ọkachamara miri emi na nkwekọrịta sara mbara.

Ihe Ndị Dị Mkpa n'Ịzụ Ihe

  • [1] Nkwado iku ume na njikwa ikuku: [1] N'okpuru ala ala ala, a na-achọ nrụgide ikuku na-aga n'ihu. Ndị nkuzi na-emesi mmega ahụ ogologo oge, ụlọ mmega ahụ na-eku ume, na ọmụmụ ikuku ike iji wuo ike na njikwa nke diaphragm dị mkpa maka ahịrịokwu ndị chọrọ oke olu na ntachi obi.
  • Usoro slide na valvụ: Ndị na-egwu trombone ga-emepe emepe, na-agba ọsọ na-agba ọsọ na-agagharị na nhazi ziri ezi, ebe ndị na-egwu tuba na euphonium chọrọ ìhè, ọrụ valvụ ziri ezi na ọgụ dị ọcha.
  • Ihe dị iche iche: Site na tenuto na staccato ruo marcato, legato, na syncopated accents, ụmụ akwụkwọ na-eme ọtụtụ okwu iji kwekọọ na nkọwa nkọwa nke orchestral, ụlọ, na solo repertoire. Ojiji nke abụọ na atọ tonguing bụ isi maka ngwa ngwa.
  • Ịdọ aka ná ntị na ntị ọzụzụ: [1] [2] [3] Low ọla ntị ngwá na-enye pụrụ iche intonation nsogbu n'ihi ha ogologo tube na physics nke ọla ntị acoustics. Daily drills iji drones, tuner ngwa, na-ege ntị mmega enyere ndị egwuregwu ịzụlite a mma uche nke pitch center na imeghari ka ensemble tuning. Ịmụta na-egwu na akara na string ngalabakarịsịa abụọ basschọrọ mgbe nile anya overtone kwekọrọ.

Ọmụmụ Ihe Na-akụzi Ihe na Ihe Ndị A Na-eme n'Oge A

  • Ndị na-amụ akwụkwọ na-enyocha ihe ngosi akụkọ ihe mere eme na-eme ka ọ dị mfe, ụda na-enwu gbaa, vibrato dị ala, na nlebara anya na ụda ụda nke ụdị egwú. Ojiji nke ọla edo nkịtị ma ọ bụ oge replicas na ụbụrụ egwu na-enyere ndị na-egwu egwu aka ịghọta ụwa ụda mbụ.
  • Ụdị Romantic: [1] [2] [3] [3] [3] [4] [4] [5] [5] [5] [5] [5] [5] [5] [5] [5] [5] [5] [5] [6] [7] [7] [7] [7] [7] [7] [7] [7] [7] [7] [7] [7] [7] [7] [7] [7] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [9] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10]
  • ]20th na 21st-century style: Embrace of extended techniques, unconventional notation, and improvisational elements. Omume na eserese akara na njikere akụkụ na-ewu mgbanwe. Ọtụtụ mahadum mmemme ugbu a chọrọ oge a music ensembles dị ka akụkụ nke usoro ihe omume.
  • Jazz, pop, na ụdị azụmahịa: Flt: 1 Ọtụtụ mmemme na-agụnye nkwalite, egwu egwu egwu, na usoro nnọkọ ụlọ ọrụ iji wuo ụwa dị iche iche. Bass trombone na tuba na-abawanye okpukpu abụọ na bass eletrik ma ọ bụ synthesizer na-aghọkwa ihe a na-ahụkarị na ndekọ azụmahịa.

Nchịkọta Njikọ

Low brass players ga-amụta iji dozie ụda ha n'ime nnukwu ensemble. Usoro nkuzi dị irè gụnyere ngalaba oge niile iji gwakọta ụda ma dakọtara nkwekọrịta, mmega nke ntị lekwasịrị anya na nguzozi na ụdọ na ikuku osisi, na ịzụlite nkenke ụda mgbe ị na-eme ka ahịrị bass okpukpu abụọ. Ghọta ọrụ nke ala ala dị ka ma arịlịka nkwekọrịta na engine dị egwu.

Ihe Nketa nke Ọla kọpa Dị Ala: Ihe Ndị E Wuru na Ihe Ndị Ga-eme n'Ọdịnihu

Akụkụ akụkọ ihe mere eme nke obere ọla kọpa dị ala na orchestras bụ otu n'ime ihe ndị na-eme ka ọ dịkwuo mma na ohere na-enweghị njedebe. Site na ụda mbụ nke mpi anụmanụ na slide-arụ ọrụ sackbut nke Renaissance ruo na valvụ, chromatic ibu nke oge Romantic na ụdị-agbanwe agbanwe nke taa, obere ọla kọpa anọgidewo na-abụ ihe dị mkpa nke egwu egwu egwu. Ngwaọrụ ndị a na-enye ntọala ntọala bass, na-enye oge nke lyricism na-arị elu, ma na-enye onyinye dị iche iche nke ederede. Akụkụ ọla kọpa dị ala na-abụkarị injin nke ike orchestral.

Maka ndị na-eme ihe nkiri, ndị nkụzi, na ndị na-anụ ọkụ n'obi, ịghọta mgbanwe a na-eme ka ụda ọ bụla a na-akpọ nwee ọganihu. Ọ na-akwalite ekele miri emi maka ebumnuche onye dere ihe, ikike ngwá ọrụ, na nka nke ịrụ ọrụ egwu. Ka ọrụ ọhụrụ na-aga n'ihu na-agbanye ókè nke ihe ala ala nwere ike igosipụta site na kọmputa, usoro agbasawanye, na mmekorita ọdịbendị.