Ịghọta Ihe Ndị Na-eme Ka Ihe Dị Mma n'Ụzọ Jazz

Improvisation bụ spontaneous okike nke music na oge, na na jazz ọ bụ ma na-akọwa nkà na kasị miri emi isi iyi nke nkà na ụzụ okwu. N'adịghị ka kpochapụwo music ebe onye na-eme ihe na-akọwa a ofu akara, jazz ndị na-egwu egwu na-eji a etiti nke chords, scales, na ụdaolu na-ewu mbụ melodies na-aga. Nke a usoro achọ a ngwakọta nke nkà na ụzụ nnabata, nkà mmụta sayensị ihe ọmụma, na-anụ ọkụ n'obi na-ege ntị karịsịa ndị ọzọ na-egwu egwu na otu. The improviser ga-emeghachi omume na ezigbo oge, kpara a coherent solo na-akwanyere style conventions mgbe inye a onye olu. N'ime ọtụtụ iri afọ, jazz e kewara n'ime ọtụtụ subgenres, onye ọ bụla na ya set nke iwu na nnwere onwe. ndị a subgenres udi improviser vocabulary, okwu, harmonic nhọrọ, na mmetụta uche ụda nke a dị iche iche iche nke a egwu.

Ọdịdị nke Jazz Subgenres na Mmetụta Ha Na-enwe n'Ịgba Ọsọ

Site na ndị na-eme njem na New Orleans ruo na ụlọ elu ndị dị elu nke New York, jazz anọgidewo na-agbanwe onwe ya. Subgenre ọ bụla pụtara dị ka mmeghachi omume na ihe ndị dị n'ihu, nke a na-akpalikarị site na ọchịchọ maka mgbagwoju anya, omimi mmetụta uche, ma ọ bụ ike egwu. Ka asụsụ harmonic na-etowanyewanye, otu ahụ ka ngwa ọrụ nke ndị na-eme ihe n'onwe ha mere. N'okpuru anyị na-enyocha isi subgenres nke jazz, na-emesi ike otú onye ọ bụla si gbanwee ime ihe n'onwe ya.

1. Dixieland (Traditional New Orleans Jazz)

Dixieland, amụrụ na mmalite nke afọ 1900, bụ mgbọrọgwụ nke jazz improvisation. Ọ na-egosipụta polyphony multiple ngwá (trumpet, clarinet, trombone) improvising n'otu oge gburugburu a melody. The harmony bụ mfe, mgbe mgbe wuru na IIVV chord ọganihu na a siri ike blues mmetụta.

Ihe ndị a na-eme ka ndị mmadụ na-emeziwanye ihe na Dixieland:

  • Njikọ ìgwè: Solos dị mkpụmkpụ ma bụrụ ihe jikọrọ ya na njirimara nke otu; onye ọ bụla na-egwu egwu na-enye aka na ụda dị ndụ, na-eku ume.
  • Pentatonic na blues scales: Melodies dị mfe, na-adọrọ adọrọ, na ngwa ngwa, na-ejikarị ụda olu na slurs.
  • Kpọọ na nzaghachi: Ngwaọrụ na-azụ ahịa ahịrịokwu, na-ekepụta mmetụta mkparịta ụka.

Ndị ọsụ ụzọ dịka Louis Armstrong na Jelly Roll Morton gbanwere ihe ndị a na-eme n'oge ochie site na iwebata mmegharị na syncopation, na-eme ka ụzọ gaa n'ụdị ndị ọzọ.

2. Ịgbagharị

Na 1930s, nnukwu ndị otu nke Duke Ellington, Count Basie, na Benny Goodman duziri mere ka swing bụrụ ihe a ma ama.

Ihe ndị bụ́ isi na - egosi na e ji ihe ndị a na - emezi emezi:

  • Rhythmic drive: A siri ike swing mmetụta na asatọ ụda egwu na-adịghị n'otu n'otu; onye na-agụ egwú ga-emechi na groove.
  • Blue inflections: Blue notes na bend pitches bụ nkịtị.
  • Kpọọ na nzaghachi n'etiti ngalaba: Saxophones na ọla na-agbanarị ahịrịokwu n'azụ onye na-abụ abụ.

Improvisation na-agbagharị chọrọ nghọta na mmegharị nke ụda, ebe ọ bụ na a na-agbasakarị solo na nnukwu ndị na-ege ntị.

3. Ịgba nwa

Bebop pụtara na 1940s dị ka mmeghachi omume megide amụma nke swing. Charlie Parker, Dizzy Gillespie, na Thelonious Monk hapụrụ egwu egwu ma lekwasị anya na ngwa ngwa, usoro dị mgbagwoju anya.

Ihe ndị dị mkpa nke imepụta bebop:

  • ]Egbere harmony: ] Improvisers outline ọ bụla chord mgbanwe na kpọmkwem arpeggios na scalar agba.
  • Enclusions and approach patterns: Ihe edeturu edeturu na-agba gburugburu na ụda ndị agbata obi chromatic.
  • Ọsọ dị elu na virtuosity: Solos dị arọ ma na-achọsi ike na teknụzụ.
  • ]Rhythmic syncopation: ] Akụkụ na-adaba na ụda na-adịghị ike, na-emepụta nrụgide na-aga n'ihu.

Bebop ka bụ asụsụ nke oge a jazz improvisation.

4. Jazz Dị Mma

Cool jazz mepụtara na ngwụsị afọ 1940 na 1950 dị ka ihe dị nro, ihe dị iche na bebop. Miles Davis, Chet Baker, na Dave Brubeck kwadoro ụda dị mfe, ngwa ngwa dị nwayọ, na ohere karịa na solo.

Ihe ndị na-eme ka ndị mmadụ na-eme ihe n'egbughị oge:

  • [1] Melodic mmepe n'elu harmonic mgbagwoju anya: [2] Ndị na-abụ abụ na-ewu ogologo, na-abụ abụ na-ezere oke oke oke.
  • A na-eji nwayọọ na izu ike eme ihe n'ụzọ ụma iji kpụzie mmetụta uche.
  • Mgbasa ozi Modal: Ihe atụ mbụ nke egwu egwu na-egosi (dịka ọmụmaatụ, Daviss So What).
  • Kọntapointal mmekọrịta: Ngwaọrụ mgbe ụfọdụ kpara onwe ha na-akpụ akpụ, karịsịa na obere ìgwè.

Ịnọgide na-ejide onwe gị pụrụ ịdị ike dị ka ọsọ.

5. Ike Bop

Hard bop bilitere na etiti afọ 1950 dị ka nloghachi na jazz blues na gospel mgbọrọgwụ, nke Art Blakey, Horace Silver, na Lee Morgan duziri. Ọ na-ejikọta bebop's technical complexity na a soulful, ala mmetụta. Improvisation na hard bop bụ ma ọgụgụ isi na mmetụta uche, mgbe mgbe wuru na ugboro ugboro riffs na ike backbeats.

Ihe ndị a ga-akọwapụta:

  • Blues na okwu gospel: Blue notes, bend pitches, na oku na nzaghachi okwu bụ isi.
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  • Modal na pentatonic mix: Ndị na-egwu hard bop na-agwakarị ahịrị bebop na usoro modal dị mfe maka ọdịiche.
  • Mmetụta mmetụta uche: Solos nwere ike ịgbanwe site na nyocha onwe onye dị nro gaa na njedebe dị egwu.

Hard bop ka bụ otu n'ime ụdị ihe ndị kasị dị mfe inweta ma dị elu.

6. Jazz Modal

Modal jazz, nke Miles Davis na John Coltrane malitere na ngwụsị afọ 1950, na-eme ka onye na-eme ihe n'enweghị ihe ọ bụla na-agbanwe agbanwe mgbe mgbe. Kama ị na-eme ka ọ bụrụ ihe ọhụrụ ọ bụla na-akụ, onye na-egwu egwu na-anọgide na otu ọnụego (mode) ruo ogologo oge.

Ihe ndị bụ isi na-eme ka ndị mmadụ na-eme ihe n'ụzọ na-adịghị mma:

  • A na-eji ụdịdị dị ka Dorian, Mixolydian, na Lydian.
  • Mmepe ihe nkiri: Ndị na-egwu egwu solo na-ekwughachi ma na-agbanwe obere mpempe egwu iji wulite nkwekọ.
  • ]Onye na-eme ka ụda dị nro: ] Na mgbanwe nke ụda dị nro, onye na-eme ka ihe dị nro nwere ike ilekwasị anya na ụda, ederede, na ike.
  • ]Egbere solo: ] Ụzọ nwere ike ịdịru 1015 nkeji, na-enye ohere nyocha miri emi.

Modal jazz meghere ụzọ maka ụzọ nnwale.

7. Jazz Free

Na njedebe nke 1950s na 1960s, Ornette Coleman, Cecil Taylor, na John Coltrane (na ọrụ ya mgbe e mesịrị) mebiri usoro ọdịnala. Free jazz na-ewepụ usoro nhazi nke ụda, ihe ndị na-aga n'ihu, na mgbe ụfọdụ ọbụna ebe ndị na-ada ụda. Improvisation na-aghọ mmekọrịta dị ọcha, na-ejikarị usoro ndị gbasaa (multiphonics, overblowing, percussive effects).

Ihe ndị dị mkpa nke ịgba egwu free jazz:

  • Enweghị usoro harmonic akọwapụtara: Ndị na-egwu egwu na-emepụta ụda na oge ha.
  • Collective free improvisation: Ọtụtụ ndị egwu na-akparịta ụka n'otu oge na-enweghị onye ndu a họpụtara ahọpụta.
  • Lekwasịrị anya na ụda na ike: Ngosipụta mmetụta uche na-ebute ụzọ karịa ịma mma ọdịnala.
  • Nnwere onwe nke ụda: Oge nwere ike ịgbanwe na mberede ma ọ bụ pụọ kpamkpam.

Free jazz chọrọ n'ụzọ pụrụ iche na-ege ntị na ntụkwasị obi.

8. Jazz Fusion

Na ngwụsị afọ 1960 na 1970, ndị na-egwu egwu jazz dị ka Miles Davis, Herbie Hancock, na Weather Report jikọtara jazz na rock, funk, na egwu kọmputa. Fusion improvisation na-agụnye ngwá eletrik, akara oge dị mgbagwoju anya, na grooves siri ike. Onye na-egwu egwu ga-eme ka okwu jazz na ike rock na egwu funk dị n'otu.

Ihe ndị dị n'ime ihe eji eme ihe n'usoro ihe eji eme ihe n'usoro ihe eji eme ihe n'usoro ihe eji eme ihe n'usoro ihe eji eme ihe n'usoro ihe eji eme ihe n'usoro ihe eji eme ihe n'usoro ihe eji eme ihe n'usoro ihe eji eme ihe n'usoro ihe eji eme ihe n'usoro ihe eji eme ihe n'usoro ihe eji eme ihe n'usoro ihe:

  • Ngwá ọrụ eletrik: Gịta, synthesizers, na bass eletrik na-agbanwe ụda ụda.
  • Oge oge Odd: 7/4, 9/8, na mita na-agbanwe agbanwe bụ ihe a na-ahụkarị.
  • Funk na rock rhythmic mmetụta: Solos na-anọdụkarị n'elu mkpọchi mkpọchi, na-eji syncopation na ụda mmụọ.
  • Ụdị ihe odide gbasaa: Akụkụ nke imeziwanye nwere ike ịdị ogologo ma nwee nhazi karịa na jazz ọdịnala.

Mgbakwunye na-anọgide na-abụ ụdị dị iche iche na-ewu ewu ma na-agbanwe agbanwe.

9. Mgbe e mesịrị Bop

Post-bop pụtara na 1960s dị ka a njikọ nke ike bop, modal jazz, na free jazz. Artists dị ka Wayne Shorter, Herbie Hancock (na Blue Note afọ), na mmalite Miles Davis quintet kere a sophisticated harmonic asụsụ mgbe ịnọgide na-enwe ike melodic na ngwa ngwa grounding. Improvisation na post-bop bụ nnọọ mmekọrịta: rhythm ngalaba egwuregwu na-emeghachi omume soloists na ozugbo na mgbagwoju chord olu na-agbanwe agbanwe ngwa ngwa.

Akụkụ nke improvisation post-bop:

  • Mgbanwe dị nro: Ndị na-egwu egwu na-agbazinye onwe ha n'efu site na bebop na usoro modal, na-abụkarị n'ime otu egwu.
  • Rhythmic elasticity: ] The rhythm ngalaba na-akpali ma na-adọga tempo, na-eke a mkparịta ụka push-and-dọrọ.
  • Njikọ nke usoro: Flt: 1 Agbanwe agbanwe scales, n'akụkụ-slipping, na gbasaa arpeggios bụ ọkọlọtọ.
  • [1] [2] [3] [4] [4] [5] [5] [6] [7] [7] [7] [7] [7] [7] [7] [7] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [9] [9] [9] [9] [9] [9] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10]

A na-ewere post-bop dị ka isi ihe kachasị mma nke ụda jazz, na-agwakọta ụbụrụ ọgụgụ isi na omimi mmetụta uche.

10. Latin na Afro-Cuban Jazz

Latin jazz, nke Dizzy Gillespie, Chano Pozo, na ndị na-ese ihe mgbe e mesịrị dị ka Tito Puente na Eddie Palmieri, jikọtara nkwekọ jazz na nkwalite na African-Cuban na Brazil.

Ịgbapụta ihe n'asụsụ Latin:

  • A na-ewu solo n'elu ụda egwu dị iche iche (congas, timbales, bongos) na klaasị na-agbanwe agbanwe.
  • Montunos na guajeos: Ndị na-egwu piano na mpi na-ejikarị obere ihe atụ na-emegharị ugboro ugboro na-emekọrịta ihe na ụda.
  • Okwu melodic: Flt: 1 Blues scales, obere ọnọdụ, na pentatonic ọgụgụ bụ ihe a na-ahụkarị, na-abụkarị na Latin-kpọmkwem ornamentation.
  • Kpọọ ma zaghachi na egwu: Ndị na-egwu egwu na-agbanwe ahịrịokwu na drum, na-ekepụta mkparịta ụka polyrhythmic.

Latin jazz chọrọ nhazi nke ọma na nghọta nke clave.

11. Jazz nke Oge A/Oge A

Site na 1990s gaa n'ihu, jazz etinyewo mmetụta nke hip-hop, egwu elektrọnik, Indie rock, na ọdịnala ụwa. Ndị na-ese ihe dịka Robert Glasper, Kamasi Washington, na Brad Mehldau na-agwakọta egwu jazz na R & B beats, ederede elektrọnik, na ụdị ndị gbasaa. Onye na-eme ihe ugbu a ga-agagharị na palette dịkwuo obosara: usoro dabere na ihe nlele, ihe nkedo synthesizer, na usoro abụ ndị na-abụghị ọdịnala.

Ihe ndị na-eme ka ndị na-eme ihe n'egbughị oge taa na-eme:

  • Harmonic mgbazinye si pop na mkpụrụ obi: Extended chords na-jikọtara na mfe diatonic ọganihu.
  • Rhythmic flexibility: Beat subdivisions nwere ike ịbụ kwụ ọtọ (hip-hop) ma ọ bụ swing, mgbe mgbe n'ime otu solo.
  • Nkwalite ederede: Iji pedal mmetụta, ụda na-adịgide adịgide, na gburugburu ụda.
  • Gbanwee Genre: A solo nwere ike ịkwaga site bebop licks n'ime a funky groove na mgbe ahụ n'ime a free ngalaba, niile na otu arụmọrụ.

Improvisation nke oge a bụ banyere njikọ, na-achọ fluency n'ofe multiple eras na ụdị.

Ntụle tụnyere: Olee otú Subgenres Ọdịdị Key Improvisation Elements

Ọ bụ ezie na ihe niile na-eme ka ndị na-eme ka ndị na-eme ka ndị na-eme ka ndị na-eme ka ndị na-eme ka ndị na-eme ka ndị na-eme ka ndị na-eme ka ndị na-eme ka ndị na-eme ka ndị na-eme ka ndị na-eme ka ndị na-eme ka ndị na-eme ka ndị na-eme ka ndị na-eme ka ndị na-eme ka ndị na-eme ka ndị na-eme ka ndị na-eme ka ndị na-eme ka ndị na-eme ka ndị na-eme ka ndị na-eme ka ndị na-eme ka ndị na-eme ka ndị na-eme ka ndị na-eme ka ndị na-eme ka ndị na-eme ka ndị na-eme ka ndị na-eme ka ndị na-eme ka ndị na-eme ka ndị na-eme ka ndị na-eme ka ndị na-eme ka ndị na-eme ka ndị na-eme ka ndị na-eme ka ndị na-eme ka ndị na-eme ka ndị na-eme ka ndị na-eme ka ndị na-eme ka ndị na-eme ka ndị na-eme ka ndị na-eme ka ndị na-eme ka

  • Ụzọ dị mma: Bebop na bop siri ike na-adabere na mgbanwe ngwa ngwa nke ụda na mgbanwe mgbanwe; modal na free jazz na-ebelata njupụta harmonic maka nnwere onwe nke ụda; jazz dị jụụ na-eji nkwekọ dị ụkọ ma mara mma; post-bop na-agwakọta ụzọ abụọ ahụ n'ụzọ na-agbanwe agbanwe.
  • ]Nkọwa ụda: ] Swing na bop siri ike na-ewulite na mgbali siri ike; bebop na-eji ụda olu na-enweghị ụda; free jazz nwere ike ịhapụ ụda olu; njikọta na-ejikarị egwu egwu ma ọ bụ egwu egwu; Latin jazz na-akpali site na clave na polyrhythm.
  • Ụdị Melodic: Dixieland na swing na-akwado ahịrị dị mfe, nke a na-abụ abụ; ahịrị bebop dị nkọ ma dị ngwa; ụda jazz dị mma dị ogologo ma bụrụ abụ; ahịrị jazz nwere ike ịbụ ihe efu ma ọ bụ nkewapụ; jazz nke oge a nwere ike ịgwakọta nke ọ bụla n'ime ha.
  • Njikọ ìgwè: Dixieland na free jazz na-emesi ike na nkwonkwo; bebop na hard bop na-emekarị ka ndị na-abụ abụ dị iche iche pụta ìhè; njikọta nwere ike ịnwe nhazi dị nro na ngalaba mepere emepe; post-bop na jazz nke oge a nwere mmekọrịta mkparịta ụka dị elu.

Ịghọta ọdịiche ndị a na-enyere ndị egwu aka imeziwanye okwu ha na ntị ha maka ụdị ọ bụla. Onye na-egwu bebop na-abanye n'ọnọdụ modal ga-amụta iche echiche n'ihe atụ kama ịghọ ụdọ; onye na-egwu jazz na-egwu egwu nwere ike ịchọ ịchịkwa ọgba aghara ma nabata egwu ahụ.

Ndụmọdụ Ndị Bara Uru Maka Ịmụ Ụdị Jazz Dị Ka Onye Na-eme Ihe n'Otu

Ma ị bụ onye mbido ma ọ bụ onye nwere ahụmahụ, ịgbasawanye usoro ị na-emezi emezi n'ofe subgenres ga-eme ka ị bụrụ onye na-egwu egwu na-eme ihe niile.

  • Dee onwe gị n'ime ndị ukwu: Gee ntị nke ọma na Louis Armstrong (Dixieland), Count Basie (Swing), Charlie Parker (Bebop), Miles Davis (Cool, Modal, Fusion), Art Blakey (Hard Bop), Ornette Coleman (Free Jazz), Herbie Hancock (Fusion, Post-Bop, Modern), na Robert Glasper (Modern).
  • Mụta ihe dị iche iche na ụkpụrụ: Maka bebop, na-eme ka bebop na-achịkwa ihe na ọnụ ọgụgụ ọnụ. Maka modal jazz, na-arụ ọrụ na usoro Dorian na Lydian. Maka free jazz, na-enyocha ụda egwu na usoro ndị ọzọ na ngwá ọrụ gị. Maka Latin jazz, na-eme ka egwu na-egwu n'elu ụkpụrụ clave.
  • Na-egwu egwu na akụkụ nke ụda: na ọnọdụ swing ma ọ bụ bop siri ike, mechie na-eje ije bass na-agba ịnyịnya cymbal. Na fusion, lekwasị anya na syncopation na ghost notes. Na free jazz, na-ege ntị na-enweghị ịgụta ma ọ bụ na-agbaso ụdị. Na Latin jazz, internalize the clave ma kpọọ egwu.
  • Jikọọ ma ọ bụ kpọọ ìgwè ndị raara onwe ha nye ụdị dị iche iche: The kasị mma mmụta na-eme na ezigbo oge na ndị ọzọ na-egwu egwu. A bebop jam na-amanye gị iji igodo ngwa ngwa mgbanwe; a free improvisation nnọkọ na-ewulite ntị gị na obi ike; a Latin jazz otu na-akụzi ụda olu ziri ezi.
  • Dee onwe gị: Nyochaa ma okwu gị, nhọrọ ụda, na mmetụta nke ụda na-adaba na ụdị ị chọrọ. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, akara bebop gị nwere ụda ụda chromatic zuru oke?
  • Mụọ ọdịbendị na akụkọ ihe mere eme: Ghọta ihe kpatara ụdị subgenre ji pụta (dịka bebop dị ka mmeghachi omume na-elekwasị anya na ndị na-ese ihe na azụmahịa, ma ọ bụ free jazz dị ka nzaghachi na ọgba aghara mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya) na-eme ka njikọ mmetụta uche gị na nhọrọ ntụgharị uche gị dị omimi.
  • Nnwale na mmega ahụ n'etiti ụdị: Were ọganihu blues dị mfe ma mezie ya site na iji okwu bebop na otu egwu, mgbe ahụ ụzọ modal na nke ọzọ, mgbe ahụ ụzọ free jazz. Nke a na-ewulite mgbanwe.

Nkwupụta

Jazz ọdịnala bụ a vast web nke jikọtara subgenres, onye ọ bụla na-enye a pụrụ iche oghere site na nke na-ele improvisation. Site na nkwonkwo ọṅụ nke Dixieland na ọgụgụ isi ọkụ nke bebop, meditative ohere nke modal jazz, ókè-dissolving ike nke free jazz na fusion, nlezianya mmekọrịta nke post-bop, rhythmic njupụta nke Latin jazz, na genre-agwakọta mmeghe nke oge a jazz, na improviser nwere ike ịdọrọ na a ọgaranya palette nke usoro, mmetụta, na nkà ihe ọmụma. Site na-amụ na-emega n'ofe ndị a ụdị, ndị egwú bụghị nanị na-ewulite oru fluency ma na-azụlite a miri emi mmetụta uche na music akụkọ ihe mere eme na ya na-enweghị ngwụcha ọdịdị maka ịchịkwa.