Ịghọta Ihe Ndị Dị n'Ebe Ọdịdị: Gịnị Na-eme Ka E Jiri Ọla Kọpa Dị Ala Mee Ihe?

Ngwaọrụ ala ala bụ ihe nkedo ụda nke ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ihe ọ bụla gụnyere ha. Na-arụ ọrụ na ndekọ bass na baritone, ngwá ọrụ ndị a na-emepụta ugboro ugboro nke na-adịkarị na-enweghị isi n'onwe ha ma dị oke mkpa maka ịmepụta ederede zuru oke, nke bara ụba. Ezinụlọ ahụ gụnyere tuba, euphonium, bass trombone, baritone horn, na obere contrabass trombone. Ngwaọrụ ọ bụla agbanweela iji jupụta niche akọwapụtara, site na ntọala na-agbọ nke otu orchestra symphony ruo na ọkụ ọkụ nke otu ìgwè egwu.

Ọ bụ ezie na ngwá egwú ndị dị ala nwere otu ihe dị ka ígwè e ji arụ ihe na ọnụ e ji arụ ihe, ha na-enwekwa ụda olu nke na-esi n'ọnụ na-ada ụda, ọdịiche dị n'ụdị ụda, ogologo ọkpọkọ, na usoro egwu na-emetụta ụda ụda ha, ụda ha, na ịdị mfe ha na-eji egwu egwu.

Akụkọ Dị Mfe Banyere Ọla kọpa

Mmepe nke ngwá egwú ala na-egosipụta mmepe nke egwu ọdịda anyanwụ n'onwe ya. Ndị bu ụzọ n'oge dị ka agwọ na ophicleide nyere nkwado bass na narị afọ nke 16 ruo 19th. Wilhelm Wieprecht na Johann Gottfried Moritz nyere akwụkwọ ikike na 1835 maka tuba nke oge a, ọ dochiri ngwa ngwa ophicleide na orchestras n'ihi ụda dị elu na ụda egwu. Euphonium, nke e mepụtara n'ihe dị ka n'otu oge ahụ, sitere na ezinụlọ saxhorn nke Adolphe Sax mepụtara, na-enye olu tenor na oghere cone nke na-emepụta ụda egwu na-abụ abụ.

Trombone bass nwere akụkọ ihe mere eme dị ogologo, na ụdị mbụ pụtara na Renaissance, mana ngwá ọrụ nke oge a na nnukwu oghere ya na valvụ ndị ọzọ ka mma na narị afọ nke 20 iji gboo mkpa nke nnukwu ndị egwu egwu na nnukwu ndị otu jazz.

Ihe Ndị A Kọwaa Banyere Ihe Ọmụmụ Ọmụmụ Ọdị Ọdịdị Ọdịdị Ọdịdị Ọdịdị Ọdịdị Ọdịdị Ọdịdị Ọdịdị Ọdịdị Ọdịdị Ọdịdị Ọdịdị Ọdịdị Ọdịdị Ọdịdị Ọdịdị Ọdịdị Ọdịdị Ọdịdị

Tuba

The tuba bụ na-enweghị atụ ibu nke ọla ezinụlọ. ya nnukwu tube, flared mgbịrịgba, na miri iko ọnụputa na-emepụta ugboro dị ala dị ka E1 (banyere 41 Hz) na ọbụna ala na ụfọdụ ụdị. Tubas na-wuru na dị iche iche igodo: BB (kasị nkịtị na American ìgwè ndị agha), CC (standard na American ìgwè ndị agha), E, na F (na-eji na obere ensembles ma ọ bụ site soloists).

  • Ọrụ na otu: [1] Tuba bụ mgbọrọgwụ harmonic, na-agbakarị okpukpu abụọ nke bassoon, cello, ma ọ bụ ụdọ bass na octave. Na marching bands, sousaphone a tuba variant e mere iji kpuchie gburugburu ọkpụkpọ na-enye nkwado mobile bass.
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  • Ndị na-egwu egwu: Roger Bobo, Gene Pokorny, na Carol Jantsch (isi tuba nke Philadelphia Orchestra) akọwapụtala ikike nke ngwá ọrụ ahụ.

Euphonium

A na-akpọkarị euphonium cello nke ezinụlọ ọla kọpa, euphonium na-ejikọta ụda olu baritone na ụda olu dị nro, nke dị nro.

  • Ọrụ na otu: Na British brass bands, euphonium bụ isi solo olu. Na American concert bands, ọ na-anọdụkarị n'etiti trombones na tubas, na-enye a n'etiti-ndepụta ngwakọta nke na-agbakwunye okpomọkụ na-enweghị overpowering.
  • Ihe odide a ma ama: The Euphonium Concerto nke Joseph Horovitz na Philip Wilby bụ isi ihe dị mkpa nke ihe omume solo.
  • Ndị egwuregwu ịmara: Brian Bowman, Steven Mead, na David Childs bụ ndị a na-eme ememe maka usoro okwu ha na nkwado ha.

Bass Trombone

The bass trombone na-agbatị na-eto eto trombone n'ebe dị ala site na nnukwu oghere (na-emekarị.562 sentimita asatọ ma ọ bụ karịa) na otu ma ọ bụ abụọ valves na redirect ikuku eruba site extra tube.

  • Ọrụ na otu: Na orchestras, bass trombone na-emekarị ka akụkụ bass trombone dịkwuo ike (mgbe achọrọ) ma na-egwu egwu bass dị iche iche. Na jazz big bands, ọ na-akwadosi ngalaba trombone ma na-akpọkarị maka glissandos na ọnụ ọgụgụ egwu egwu.
  • Akụkụ ndị a ma ama: Mahler's symphonies (ọkachasị Nke 2 na Nke 5) nwere akụkụ dị ịrịba ama nke bass trombone. Ihe nkiri ihe nkiri oge a dị ka John Williams Star Wars na Howard Shore nke Lord of the Rings na-adabere na bass trombone maka ike.
  • Ndị na-egwu egwu: George Roberts, Douglas Yeo, na James Olin bụ ndị isi nke ngwá ọrụ ahụ.

Ogwe osisi

A na-ejikarị mpi baritone agbagọ na euphonium, mana obere oghere ya (na-adịkarị.500 ruo.525 sentimita asatọ) na ọkpọkọ cylindrical na-emepụta ụda dị mma, nke dị mfe karị. Ọ bụ ihe eji eme ihe na British brass bands ma na-ejikarị ya eme ihe n'usoro ụlọ akwụkwọ n'ihi ịdị arọ ya dị mfe na obere nha.

  • Ọrụ na ensemble: Na bands ọla kọpa, mpi baritone na-egwu egwu na-akwado akara nke na-agwakọta na trombones na euphoniums. ụda ya na-egbuke egbuke na-egbutu ihe niile, na-eme ka ọ baa uru maka egwu na-emegide egwu.
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  • Ndị na-egwu egwu mara: Ọ bụ ezie na a naghị ememme ya dị ka ngwá ọrụ solo, ndị egwu dịka Trevor Groom na David King egosila ike nke mpi baritone.

Trombone bụ onye na-agba bọọlụ

The contrabass trombone bụ ndị kasị miri emi-ekwuru òtù nke trombone ezinụlọ, ụda a octave n'okpuru tenor trombone na mgbe na-agbatị ruo B0 (banyere 29 Hz).

  • Ọrụ na nchịkọta: A na-eji ya eme ihe maka mmetụta dị ala dị oke ala, dị ka Richard Strauss's Flt 2 (Ọzọkwa sprach Zarathustra Flt 3), ma ọ bụ na ihe ndị dị ugbu a chọrọ ụda pedal subsonic.
  • Ndị na-egwu egwu: Donald R. Shamber, Jürgen Schier, na ndị ọkachamara na-eme ihe nkiri na-akwado ngwá ọrụ a dị ụkọ.

Ihe Ndị Dị Iche Iche n'Ihe Ndị A Na-eme n'Ebe A Na-egwu Egwú na Ihe Ndị A Na-ewu

Ihe dị iche na ọdịdị anụ ahụ dị n'etiti ngwá ọrụ ọla kọpa dị ala na-agbada na profaịlụ oghere conical vs. cylindrical. Tubas, euphoniums, na mpi baritone bụ ihe kachasị: tubing na-agbasawanye site na ọnụ ọnụ ruo na mgbịrịgba.

Ihe ọzọ dị iche bụ valvụ ma ọ bụ slide usoro. Tubas, euphoniums, na baritones na-eji piston ma ọ bụ rotary valves ịgbanwe pitch. Trombones eji slide, nke na-enye ohere na-aga n'ihu pitch variation (ezi glissando) ma na-achọ kpọmkwem ogwe aka ije. The bass trombone na contrabass trombone supplement the slide na valves iji mezie maka mụbara tube ogologo, na-eme ka ụfọdụ slide ọnọdụ ndị ọzọ manageable.

Ọrụ Dị n'Otu Ụdị Egwú

Egwú ndị e ji egwú egwu

Na orchestras symphony, tuba bụ ọkọlọtọ ala ala ala ngwá, mgbe mgbe na-akwado site a bass trombone. The euphonium bụ obere na ọkọlọtọ orchestral repertoire, ma e wezụga na ọrụ nke ndị dere dị ka Gustav Mahler (onye dere ya na ya Symphony Nke 7) ma ọ bụ Richard Strauss. The contrabass trombone-egosi naanị na ndị kasị achọ orchestral egwu.

Ndị na-egwu egwu ala na-egwu egwu na-arụ ọrụ nke ọma n'ịgwakọta na ụdọ na ikuku osisi na-enwe ike ịkpụpụta ihe na-eme n'oge egwu. Tuba na-agbakwunye ụda abụọ abụọ ahụ ugboro abụọ otu octave, na-ewusi mgbọrọgwụ harmonic ike.

Ndị Na-eme Ihe nkiri na Ndị Na-eme Ihe nkiri Agha

Ndị otu egwu egwu na ndị agha America na-eji akụkụ dị ala nke ọla kọpa: tubas (na-abụkarị ọtụtụ), euphoniums (ma ọ bụ baritones), na bass trombones. Euphonium ebe a na-aghọ olu dịgasị iche iche, nke nwere ike ibufe ụda olu ma ọ bụ jikọta ya na ederede harmonic. Ndị otu egwu egwu egwu nke Britain nwere ngwá ọrụ pụrụ iche nke gụnyere ọtụtụ euphoniums, baritones, na tubas mana enweghị trombones n'echiche ọdịnala (ha na-eji tenor na bass trombones, mana ngalaba ahụ dị obere).

Egwú Jazz na Egwú Ahịa

Na nnukwu ndị otu jazz, bass trombone bụ eze. Ike ya dị ala na ikike ịme ngwa ngwa na-eme ka ọ dị mkpa maka ngalaba ụda egwu nakwa maka ọrụ solo. Tubas na-apụta na jazz n'ụdị dị iche iche: tuba bụ ngwá bass mbụ na New Orleans jazz, ọ hụkwara mmeghachi omume na jazz jazz nke oge a.

Ihe nkiri nkiri na ihe nkiri oge a

Ndị na-ese ihe nkiri nke oge a na-adabere na bass trombone na contrabass trombone (ezigbo ma ọ bụ synthesized) maka mmetụta dị ala dị egwu. tuba na-enye ụda na-adịgide adịgide, nke ntọala na-ejikarị na isiokwu ndị epic. Ndị na-ese ihe nkiri oge a na-akpọtụrụ mgbe ụfọdụ maka euphonium na ụlọ ọrụ ma ọ bụ dị ka ngwá ọrụ solo, na-enyocha ohere ya na-egosipụta n'èzí ọdịnala ndị otu.

Nduzi Bara Uru Maka Ịhọrọ Ihe Ngwá Ọrụ

Mgbe ị na-ahọrọ ngwá ọrụ na-adịghị ike, tụlee ihe ndị na-esonụ:

  • Afọ na nha nke onye ọkpụkpọ: Ndị na-egwu egwu na-eto eto ma ọ bụ ndị ka nta na-amalite na mpi baritone ma ọ bụ euphonium n'ihi na ha dị fechaa ma nwee obere ọnụ. Tuba nwere ike ịba ụba maka obere nwa; ụfọdụ mmemme na-amalite na obere E tuba tupu ịkwaga na BB buru ibu.
  • Ihe mgbaru ọsọ egwu: Ọ bụrụ na onye ọkpụkpọ na-achọ igwu egwu egwu, tuba ma ọ bụ bass trombone bụ ụzọ nkịtị. Maka solo ma ọ bụ ụlọ ụlọ, euphonium na-enye ihe ngosi bara ụba.
  • Akụ na ụba: Flt: 1 Baritones na euphoniums ụmụ akwụkwọ na-adị ọnụ ala. Tubas ọkachamara na trombones bass nwere ike ịkwụ ụgwọ ọtụtụ puku dollar. Ịgbazinye bụ nhọrọ dị irè maka ndị mbido.
  • Ọnụ ọnụ: Ngwaọrụ ọ bụla chọrọ otu iko ọnụ na nha ogwe aka.

Maka ntuziaka ịzụta zuru ezu, lelee akụ dịka ndụmọdụ ịzụta ọla nke onye nduzi bands ma ọ bụ ntuziaka nkuzi nke ndị nkuzi Conn-Selmer.

Ngwaọrụ dị ala dị ala dị ukwuu ma chọọ nlekọta na-agbanwe agbanwe. Nlekọta kwa ụbọchị gụnyere valvụ mmanụ ma ọ bụ lubricating slide, nhicha ọnụ, na ihicha n'èzí. Nlekọta kwa izu kwesịrị ịgụnye ịsa ahụ dị nro na mmiri na-ekpo ọkụ na ncha dị nro iji wepụ ihe fọdụrụ na-agbakọta, na-esochi nke ọma ihicha.

N'ihe banyere trombones, slide bụ akụkụ kachasị dị nro. Debe ya na-enweghị ntụpọ ma na-etinye slide cream ma ọ bụ mmanụ mgbe niile. Maka tubas, nnukwu mgbịrịgba nwere ike ijide n'ụzọ dị mfe na ogwe ma ọ bụ oche; jiri ogwe tuba siri ike mgbe niile n'oge mgbalị.

Ihe Ndị Dị Mkpa E Wuru na Ihe Ndị E Dere E Wetara

Ịnụ ihe ndị a na-eme n'ụzọ ihe atụ bụ ụzọ dị ike isi ghọta olu nke ngwá ọrụ ọ bụla.

  • Tuba: Flt: Vaughan Williams Tuba Concerto nke James Gourlay rụrụ; Mahler Symphony Nke 2 na Chicago Symphony Orchestra (Gene Pokorny, tuba).
  • Euphonium: FLT:1]] [[Euphonium Concerto]] nke Joseph Horovitz rụrụ site David Childs; Paganini Variations nke Philip Wilby (Steven Mead).
  • Biss Trombone: Biss Trombone Concerto nke John Stevens; Mahlers Symphony No. 5 (bas trombone solo).
  • Baritone Horn: [1] Ọ bụ ndị na-egwu egwu Brass dị ka [2] Brass in Concert [3] nke Black Dyke Band.
  • Trombone: Richard Strauss s Flt: 2 Also sprach Zarathustra Flt: 3; nhọrọ site na The Lord of the Rings Flt: 5

Maka nkọwa zuru ezu, ọwa YouTube nke International Trombone Association na-egosi ọtụtụ arụmọrụ dị ala.

Nkwupụta

Ngwaọrụ ala ala dị ala karịrị ndị na-enye bass dị mfe; onye ọ bụla nwere ụdị mmadụ dị iche iche nke akụkọ ihe mere eme, iwu, na ọrụ ya. Tuba na-enye ntọala miri emi, euphonium na-abụ abụ na-ekpo ọkụ, bass trombone na-enye iwu na ike, mpi baritone na-agbakwunye nghọta, na trombone contrabass na-enyocha ala ala. Ịghọta ọdịiche ndị a na-eme ka ahụmịhe egwu ọ bụla bara ọgaranya ma ị na-akụziri nwa akwụkwọ ihe mbụ ha, na-edepụta ọrụ ọhụrụ, ma ọ bụ na-ege ntị na nghọta ka ukwuu. Ụwa nke ala ala dị ala dị ukwuu ma na-akwụghachi ụgwọ, ndị na-egwu ya bụkwa ndị na-enweghị egwu nke otu ahụ.