Jazz, bụ ụdị nka pụrụ iche nke America, abụwo ihe a na-eme ememe ogologo oge maka ngosipụta ya na-eme ka ọ dị ndụ, mgbagwoju anya nke ụda, na mmụọ ọsụ ụzọ nke ime ihe n'enweghị ihe ọ bụla. Ebe ọ malitere na mmalite narị afọ nke 20, jazz agbanweela site na ọtụtụ ụdị na mmegharị, nke ọ bụla na-ahapụ akara na-apụghị ịgbagha agbagha na ụwa nke egwu. Mmetụta ya karịrị ụdị nke ya, na-emetụta ngwa ngwa nke oge a n'ọtụtụ ebe egwu dị iche iche. Site na klọb ndị na-ese anwụrụ ọkụ nke New Orleans ruo na ụlọ ọrụ dijitalụ nke narị afọ nke 21, jazz improvisation ka bụ asụsụ dị ndụ nke ihe okike na-adịghị ahụkebe, na-akpali ndị egwu na ndị na-ese ihe n'akụkụ ọ bụla nke ụwa.

Ihe Ndị Mere E Ji Bụ́ Ụzọ Jazz: Ọdịbendị Ndị Dị n'Otu

Mgbọrọgwụ nke jazz na-agbakwunye na ite ọkụ nke New Orleans na njedebe nke narị afọ nke 19 na mmalite nke narị afọ nke 20. Ndị obodo Africa America jikọtara ihe sitere na African rhythms, blues, ragtime, na ọdịnala egwu Europe iji mepụta ụda ọhụrụ, na-agbanwe agbanwe. Ngwakọta a mesiri syncopation, swing, na nkwalite mkpokọta ike, na-edozi oghere maka mmegharị egwu mgbanwe. Nzukọ ndị Congo Square, ebe ndị ohu na ndị nweere onwe ha na-agba egwu na ịgba egwu, nyere njikọ kpọmkwem na ọdịnala egwu egwu Africa.

Ndị ọsụ ụzọ Jazz mbụ dị ka Louis Armstrong na Jelly Roll Morton gosipụtara ikike nke ụdị ahụ site na ịgwakọta nkà na ụzụ na ịkọ akụkọ mmetụta uche. Armstrong's virtuosic trumpet solo na charismatic scat singing gbapụtara onwe ya site na nkwalite nchịkọta, na-egosi na otu onye na-abụ abụ nwere ike ibu ibu mmetụta uche nke arụmọrụ. Morton, onye pianist na onye na-ese ihe, chịkọtara ụdị jazz mbụ ma webata ọkwa nke nhazi.

Nnukwu Migration na Ịgbasa Jazz

N'oge mmalite narị afọ nke 20, Great Migration nke ndị Africa America site n'ime ime obodo South gaa n'obodo ndị dị n'ebe ugwu na West rụrụ ọrụ dị mkpa n'ịgbasa jazz gafee United States. Obodo dị ka Chicago, New York, Kansas City, na Los Angeles ghọrọ ebe ọhụụ ọhụrụ maka ihe ọhụrụ jazz. Na Chicago, ihe ndekọ Armstrong na ndị otu ya Hot Five na Hot Seven setịpụrụ ụkpụrụ maka ime ihe ngwa ngwa jazz. Na Kansas City, a na-emepewanye ụda blues, nke ihe atụ ya bụ ngalaba egwu Count Basie na ịkwọ ụgbọala, mpi-ọku riffs nke ga-emetụta mmezi nke rock na mkpụrụ obi. Migration mekwara ka mgbanwe nke ụdị mpaghara, site na ala, ụda blues nke Kansas City ruo na ihe ndị ọzọ dị mma, ihe mgbaru ọsọ nke New York Harlem Renaissance.

Jazz na Ọdịdị nke Improvisation

Improvisation dị n'etiti jazz. N'adịghị ka ọtụtụ ụdị ọdịnala ndị dabere na nhazi siri ike, jazz na-agba ndị egwu ume ka ha mepụta ma gbanwee ụda na ụda olu n'oge arụmọrụ. Omume a na-akwalite njikọ miri emi n'etiti ndị na-egwu egwu, ndị na-ege ntị, na oge ahụ n'onwe ya. N'oge akụkọ ihe mere eme nke jazz, usoro improvisation agbanweela nke ukwuu, na-egosipụta mgbanwe ọdịbendị na teknụzụ dị iche iche.

Jazz Oge Ochie (Dixieland): Nkwalite Nkwado

N'afọ iri na ụma, Dixieland jazz gosipụtara nkwalite mkpokọta ebe ndị egwu niile (trumpet, clarinet, trombone, akụkụ ụda) nyere aka n'otu oge na ụda dị ndụ, nke nwere ọkwa. Ngwaọrụ ọ bụla nwere ọrụ opi ahụ na-ebu ụda, clarinet nyere ihe ịchọ mma, trombone gbakwunyere nkwado harmonic na egwu.

Oge Ndị Swing: Ndị Na-abụ Ọkọ

Na ịrị elu nke nnukwu ndị otu na 1930s na 40s, improvisation gbanwere site na mmekọrịta ìgwè na-elekwasị anya na soloists. Bands eduzi Duke Ellington, Count Basie, na Benny Goodman nwere akụkụ ndị a haziri ahazi nke nwere solo dị iche iche. Oge a hụrụ ọdịdị nke soloist dị ka kpakpando, na ndị dị ka tenor saxophonist Coleman Hawkins na trumpeter Roy Eldridge na-akwalite usoro ngwá ọrụ na nhazi harmonic. Solo ghọrọ akụkọ na-elekwasị anya, na-ewulite mgbali na ntọhapụ n'elu ọtụtụ ndị na-abụ abụ.

Bebop: Ihe Ndị Na-eme Ka Mmadụ Dị Mgbagwoju Anya na Ihe Ndị Na-eme Ka Mmadụ Dị Uche

N'etiti afọ ndị 1940, bebop gbanwere ihe eji eme ihe na-akpali akpali. Charlie Parker (FLT:1) (alto sax), Dizzy Gillespie (FLT:3) (trumpet), na Thelonious Monk (FLT:5) (piano), bebop gosipụtara ngwa ngwa, mgbanwe dị mgbagwoju anya nke akọn, na usoro solo dị elu. Ndị na-emezi ihe hapụrụ ihe ịchọ mma dị mfe; kama, ha wuru egwu ọhụrụ n'elu usoro nkwekọ dị mgbagwoju anya, na-ejikarị usoro nhazi gbanwere na ụda ụda chromatic. Bebop chọrọ nkà na ụzụ pụrụ iche na ihe ọmụma nkà mmụta sayensị. Mmetụta ya na ime ihe n'oge a dị omimi site na agụmakwụkwọ jazz (ebe asụsụ bụ usoro ọmụmụ) na ngwa ngwa ngwa ngwa ngwa ngwa ngwa ngwa ngwa ngwa ngwa ngwa ngwa ngwa ngwa ngwa ngwa ngwa ngwa ngwa ngwa ngwa ngwa ngwa ngwa ngwa ngwa ngwa ngwa ngwa ngwa ngwa ngwa ngwa ngwa ngwa ngwa ngwa ngwa ngwa ngwa ngwa ngwa ngwa ngwa ngwa ngwa ngwa ngwa ngwa ngwa ngwa ngwa ngwa ngwa ngwa ngwa ngwa ngwa ngwa ngwa ngwa ngwa ngwa ngwa ngwa ngwa ngwa ngwa ngwa ngwa ngwa ngwa ngwa

Jazz Modal: Nnwere Onwe Site n'Eziokwu

Na ngwụsị afọ 1950, Miles Davis na John Coltrane kwadoro modal jazz, ụzọ nke mere ka usoro harmonic dị mfe site na iji naanị ọnụ ọgụgụ ole na ole (mode) maka oge dị ogologo. Nke a nyere ndị na-egwu egwu ohere na ohere ka ukwuu iji nyochaa ederede, ike, na mmetụta uche na-enweghị mgbanwe ngwa ngwa. Albums dị ka Kind of Blue (1959) gosipụtara otú nkwalite nwere ike isi mepụta ụda olu dị omimi, na-atụgharị uche. Modal jazz nwere mmetụta dị ukwuu na ụdị nkwalite na-eme ka ọ dịkwuo egwu na rock psychedelic, egwu gburugburu ebe obibi, na ọbụna ihe nkiri, ebe ụda olu na-adịgide adịgide ghọrọ ihe a na-ahụkarị.

Jazz Free: Ịgbafe Ihe Nile

Site na 1960s, free jazz, nke Ornette Coleman, Cecil Taylor, na Albert Ayler, duziri, kwụsịrị usoro na usoro nke ụdọ tupu oge eruo. Improvisation ghọrọ atonal, dissonant, na rhythmically unpredictable. A na-eme ka ọpụpụ dị njọ nke na-emesi okwu ike na mmetụta uche dị ọcha na nghọta. Ọ bụ ezie na ọ bụ ihe na-akpata esemokwu, free jazz gbasaa echiche nke improvisation, na-emetụta egwu egwu egwu egwu, rock nnwale (dịka Velvet Underground, Sonic Youth), na taa. O gosipụtara na improvisation nwere ike ịga nke ọma na-enweghị mgbochi harmonic, na-emeghe ụzọ maka mkpọtụ drone, na improvisation.

Ụzọ Ime Ihe n'Otu nke Dị n'Okpuru Jazz

Ịghọta ngwá ọrụ ndị a na-enyere aka ịkọwa ihe mere jazz ji dịgide dị ka ebe ọzụzụ maka ndị na-eme ihe n'oge a n'ofe ụdị.

  • Kpọọ na Nzaghachi: A na-esite na ọdịnala egwu Africa, usoro a gụnyere okwu onye ndu (akpọ) nke onye ọkpụkpọ ọzọ ma ọ bụ otu ọzọ zara (zaghachi). Ọ na-emepụta mkparịta ụka ma wulite ume dị oke mkpa na ọgụ hip-hop, nnọkọ rock jam, na egwu egwu kọmputa.
  • Mgbasa ozi: Ndị na-emezi ihe na-ewere obere ihe na-akpali akpali (otu cell nke ụda) ma mepụta ya site na usoro, ntụgharị, mgbanwe egwu. Usoro a, nke a na-ejikọta ya na John Coltrane, na-enye nkwekọ na akụkọ akụkọ, nke a na-eji ọtụtụ ndị na-ese ihe nkiri na egwuregwu vidio.
  • Ndị na-egwu bebop mepụtara ọtụtụ okwu arpeggios na ọnụ ọgụgụ iji nyochaa mgbanwe ndị dị mgbagwoju anya. Ndị na-eme ihe ngwa ngwa nke oge a na pop, mkpụrụ obi, na njikọta dabere na ụdị ihe yiri ya.
  • N'oge ahụ, ọ bụ ihe dị mkpa iji mee ka ọ bụrụ ihe na-atọ ụtọ.
  • Space and Silence: Miles Davis kwuru, sị, "Ọ bụghị ụda ị na-akpọ, ọ bụ ụda ị na-adịghị egwu.

Mmetụta Jazz Nwere n'Ebe Ọdịnihu Dị

Jazz's improvisation ethos emeela ka ọtụtụ ụdị egwu na nkà na ụzụ dị iche iche. DNA nke jazz improvisation na-egosi na rock guitar solo, hip-hop freestyles, electronic live sets, na ọrụ oge a.

Nkume na Mgbakwunye

Ndị na-ese ihe dị ka Jimi Hendrix na John McLaughlin wetara jazz improvisation n'ime rock. Hendrix's gbasaa solo na iji nzaghachi na-emeghachi omume na mmetụta uche nke jazz solo, ebe McLaughlin's Mahavishnu Orchestra jikọtara usoro jazz dị mgbagwoju anya na ike rock. Mgbakwunye nke 1970s, na ndị otu dị ka Weather Report, Return to Forever, na Herbie Hancock's Headhunters, tinyewo ngwa ngwa jazz na funk na ederede kọmputa.

Hip-Hop na Ịchọpụta Ihe

Hip-hop na-ejikarị okwu ọnụ (freestyle) eme ihe, mana ndị na-emepụta ụdị a ejiriwo jazz mee ihe. Ịchọpụta ihe ngosi jazz sitere na breaks (dịka Amen, Brother) gaa na ụda olu dị egwu ghọrọ isi ihe na-akpata oge ọlaedo hip-hop. Ndị na-emepụta dị ka J Dilla na Madlib wuru albums zuru ezu na ihe ngosi jazz, na-emesi ike swing na groove. Ndị na-emepụta ihe egwu nke oge a na-eji ụda olu jazz na usoro nhazi ihe eji eme ihe iji mepụta ederede pụrụ iche. Mgbanwe mgbanwe n'etiti ndị DJ na MCs n'oge arụmọrụ dị ndụ na-egosipụta oku na nzaghachi nke jazz oge mbụ.

Ihe Ndị E Ji Akụzi Ihe n'Oge A

Ndị na-ese ihe na-eme ka ọ dịkwuo mfe n'oge ochie, dị ka John Cage, Morton Feldman, na Anthony Davis, tinyere ihe ndị dị n'ime jazz n'ime ọrụ ha. Ndị na-ese ihe dị n'okpuru ala (Steve Reich, Philip Glass) jiri usoro nhazi nke oge na-aga n'ihu na usoro ugboro ugboro gbaziri site na jazz ostinatos. Ihe nkiri nke oge a nke ndị na-ese ihe nkiri dị ka Jonny Greenwood, Nicholas Britell, na Wynton Marsalis (onye na-eme ka ụwa abụọ dị n'etiti) na-eji njikarịcha njikarịcha na njikarịcha jazz eme ihe iji kpọọ omimi zuru ụwa ọnụ. A na-akụzikwara njikarịcha jazz na mmemme Conservatory dị ka ngwá ọrụ iji zụlite ihe okike na ntụrụndụ mmetụta uche.

Egwú E-Gbọ

Live electronic improvisation eji synthesizers, drum igwe, na digital controllers na-akwụ ụgwọ jazzs na-emesi ike na ozugbo mmekọrịta. Artists dị ka Thundercat, FLT: 0, FLT: 2 Flying Lotus, na FLT: 4 Squarepusher na-agwakọta jazz improvisation na electronic mmepụta, na-eke fluid, evolving ụda. Na ịrị elu nke ezigbo oge loopers na AI-kwadoro ngwá, jazz improvisation ụkpụrụ nke na-ege ntị na-emeghachi omume na-agwa otú electronic ndị egwú usoro ha nnọkọ set. Ableton Lives echiche, n'ihi na ihe atụ, na-eme ka clip dabeere improvisation na-eṅomi ngalaba-nkebi Ọdịdị nke jazz arụmọrụ.

Ihe nkiri, Egwú, na Ihe Ndị Na-egosi Ihe

E wezụga egwu, jazz improvisation enweela mmetụta na ihe nkiri (ihe ngosi ngosi ngosi ngosi ngosi, arụmọrụ e mepụtara), ịgba egwú oge a (ndị na-egwu egwu dị ka Martha Graham jiri usoro mmegharị), na nka anya (ihe osise nke Jackson Pollock, nke na-adabere na free jazz).

Ndị Isi Kwadoro Ịgba Ụzọ Jazz

Ọtụtụ ndị egwu akụkọ ihe mere eme enweela mmetụta miri emi na nkà nke ime ihe n'enweghị ihe ọ bụla site n'ọrụ ha. Ihe ọhụrụ ha na-aga n'ihu na-akpali ndị egwu gburugburu ụwa, na-agba ume nyocha na ngosipụta nke onwe ha.

  • Louis Armstrong: Flt: 1 ] gbanwere ihe egwu egwu egwu egwu na egwu egwu egwu egwu ya. West End Blues solo ya (1928) bụ otu n'ime ihe ndị kachasị ede ma nyochaa na akụkọ ihe mere eme nke jazz, na-akọwa ọrụ nke onye na-egwu egwu.
  • Charlie Parker: A bebop akara ngosi na redefined harmonic mgbagwoju anya na ọsọ na improvisation.
  • John Coltrane: [1] [2] [3] [4] [4] [4] [4] [5] [5] [5] [5] [5] [6] [6] [6] [7] [7] [7] [7] [7] [7] [7] [7] [7] [7] [7] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [9] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10]
  • Miles Davis: Flt: 1 nọgidere na-agbanwe ụdị ya, site na bebop na jazz dị jụụ na jazz modal na fusion. Kind of Blue ya ka bụ album jazz kacha ere na klas dị elu na njikarịcha njikarịcha, na-emetụta onye ọ bụla site na ndị na-egwu guitar rock na ndị na-ese ihe nkiri.
  • Thelonious Monk: A maara ya maka nhọrọ harmonic pụrụ iche ya, ntụgharị nke ụda, na okwu dị iche iche. Ihe ndị ọ na-eme, dị ka na Straight, No Chaser, na-enye ihe nlereanya nke ịbụ onye mbụ na imepụta ihe ọhụrụ nke na-ada ụda na ndị na-eme nchọpụta oge a.
  • Ọ bụ ezie na ọ bụ onye na-agụ egwú, ụzọ Holiday si ekwu okwu bụ ikike ya ịpị oge, igbu oge mkpebi, na igosipụta mmetụta miri emi gbanwere nka nke imezi ihe na ịbụ abụ.
  • Dizzy Gillespie: Tinyere Parker, Gillespie sụgharịrị mgbagwoju anya nke bebop na egwu opi, mana ọ gụnyekwara ụda Afro-Cuban (dịka, Manteca), na-emeghe egwu egwu jazz na mmetụta nke egwu ụwa nke na-aga n'ihu taa.

Ọdịnihu nke Jazz na Improvisation

Ka teknụzụ na mgbanwe egwu zuru ụwa ọnụ na-agba ọsọ, ịgba egwú jazz ka bụ ụdị nka na-aga n'ihu na-agbanwe agbanwe. Ndị na-ese ihe oge a na-ejikọta ihe ndị dị na jazz ọdịnala na ụda ụwa, ụda eletrọniki, na arụmọrụ multimedia. Kamasi Washington, FLT: 1, Christian Scott na Tunde Adjuah, na Robert Glasper na-agwakọta jazz na hip-hop, neo-soul, na mmepụta eletrọniki, na-eru ndị na-ege ntị ọhụrụ.

Ụlọ ọrụ agụmakwụkwọ site na Berklee College of Music ruo ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị jazz dị iche iche gburugburu ụwa na-aga n'ihu na-azụlite nkà imeziwanye, na-eme ka jazz dị ike maka ọgbọ ndị ga-abịa n'ihu. Ememme Jazz (Montreux, Newport, North Sea) na-egosipụta fusion, ụwa jazz, na imeziwanye nnwale. N'oge nke na-eji ihe ọhụrụ na ngosipụta nke eziokwu akpọrọ ihe, ihe nketa nke imeziwanye jazz ka dị mkpa karịa mgbe ọ bụla. Isi ihe mmụta nke imeziwanye jazz na-eme nke ọma n'ime ihe mgbochi, na ige ntị dị ike dị ka egwu, na njehie nwere ike ịghọ nkà na-enye ihe nlereanya maka mpaghara okike niile.

Nkwupụta

Site na mgbọrọgwụ ọdịbendị ya na New Orleans ruo mmetụta zuru ụwa ọnụ ya taa, jazz agbanweela ọdịdị nke egwu egwu egwu. Akụkọ ihe mere eme ya bụ ihe ọhụrụ na-aga n'ihu, ihe okike nke onye ọ bụla, na mmụọ nke imekọ ihe ọnụ. Ka jazz na-agbanwe, ọ na-aga n'ihu na-akpali ndị egwu na ndị na-ese ihe n'ofe ụdị, na-ekwusi ike na ọ bụ isi ihe dị mkpa nke omume egwu nke oge a. Ma ọ bụ na nnọkọ jam na-agba ọsọ AI ma ọ bụ na klọb dị ndụ, mmụọ egwu egwu nke jazz ga-anọgide na-abụ ike dị mkpa, na-echetara anyị na egwu kachasị mma na-esite n'oge ahụ, ọ bụghị atụmatụ ahụ.