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Gabatarwa

A cikin jazz, phrasing shine gine-ginen da ba a gani na furcin kiɗa. Ƙarfin iko na sikeli, arpeggios, da jituwa yana ba da ƙamus mai ƙima, amma phrasing yana ƙayyade ko solo yana kama da karatun tsarin inji ko rayuwa, labarin numfashi. Fassara fasaha ce ta tsara layin kiɗa ta hanyar lokaci, motsi, magana, da sarari don ƙirƙirar gudanawar sirri da tattaunawa. Ko kai mai farawa ne wanda ke kewaya da farkon blues ɗinka ko kuma ƙwararren mai haɓaka muryarka, mai da hankali kan phrasing zai buɗe sababbin matakan bayyanawa. Wannan labarin ya karya ɓangarorin asali na phrasing jazz, ya haɗa su da swing da improvisation, kuma yana ba da dabarun aiki don ɗaukar muryarka ta musamman. Manufar ita ce sa kowane bayanin kula da kuka yi wasa da haɓaka ma'ana da haɓaka muryarku.

Menene Fassara a Jazz?

A ainihinsa, magana shine yadda mawaƙa ke tsara jerin sautunan zuwa cikin tunani na kiɗa mai jituwa. Yana da kwatankwacin tsarin jumla a cikin yaren magana. Kamar yadda mai magana ke amfani da dakatarwa, karkatarwa, da jaddadawa don isar da ma'ana, mawaƙin jazz yana amfani da lokaci, motsi, magana, da kuma rukuni na rubutu don bayyana motsin rai da niyya. Fassara shine bambanci tsakanin wasa da sautin da ya dace da isar da wasan kwaikwayon da ke jin mai rai da jan hankali.

Kalaman Waƙoƙi da Saƙo

Ka yi tunanin jumla a matsayin jumla ta kiɗa. Tana da farawa, tsakiya, da ƙarshe. A cikin jazz, waɗannan jimlolin galibi suna daidaitawa da canje-canje masu jituwa, jigogi masu sautin sauti, ko kuma juyawa mai sautin sauti. Fasali mai kyau yana numfashi a zahiri, yana ba mai sauraro lokaci don ɗaukar kowane ra'ayi kafin farkon na gaba. Wannan shine dalilin da ya sa amfani da sarari yana da mahimmanci kamar bayanan da kansu. Ba tare da hutu ba, solo ya zama rafi mara iyaka na bayanan da zasu iya mamayewa da gajiyar mai sauraro. Tare da maganganun tunani, kowane ra'ayi yana da tsabta da manufa. Kuna iya gabatar da "ƙira" na kiɗa a ƙarshen jumla yana nuna tambaya, yayin da ƙuduri mai saukowa yana jin kamar lokaci.

Halin Harshe a Hanyar Aiki

Kayan kwaikwayon tsakanin kiɗa da magana ya dace saboda manyan mawaƙa na jazz sukan bayyana hanyarsu a matsayin "bayyana labari". Miles Davis ya kasance masanin wannanya iya isar da ƙarin tare da sanarwa guda ɗaya da aka sanya daidai fiye da yawancin mawaƙa da za su iya tare da tarin sanarwa. Maganarsa, cike da sarari da lokaci mai ma'ana, ya sa kowane magana ta kasance. Hakazalika, mawaƙa kamar Ella Fitzgerald sun yi amfani da maganganu don tsara kalmomin da kuma raɗaɗin solo zuwa kai tsaye, maganganun tattaunawa na motsin rai. Ta hanyar nazarin waɗannan masu fasaha, zaku iya koyon yadda maganganun ke canza ƙwarewar fasaha zuwa sadarwa mai rinjaye. Saurari Lester Young's solo akan "Lady Be Good"kowane magana tana motsawa tare da sauƙin tattaunawa wanda ke jin kai tsaye amma cikakke.

Abubuwan Mahimmanci na Jazz Phrasing

Don ka san yadda ake yin magana, kana bukatar ka san ainihin abubuwan da suke sa ka yi magana sosai.

Matsayi na Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin

Jazz phrasing yana da zurfi da alaka da inda nutsar da ke fada dangane da bugun jini. Yin wasa kadan a gaba da bugun jini yana haifar da ci gaba da gaba da kuma jin da gaggawa. Yin wasa a bayan bugun jini yana haifar da nutsuwa, shakatawa, ko ma bluesy. Mutanen kirki suna amfani da waɗannan shimfidar wurare don haifar da tashin hankali da saki, babban kayan aiki na motsin rai a jazz. Saurari yadda ƙungiyar Count Basie ta "zauna" a cikin aljihu, idan aka kwatanta da tashin hankali, gaba da bugun jini na farkon bebop.

Bayani Tsawon da kuma Dynamics

Tsawon lokaci da ƙarfin sauti na sautin suna shafar magana sosai. Wani dogon, ƙarar da ke kumbura na iya gina ƙarfi; wani gajeren, ƙarar da aka yanke na iya ƙara sautin sautin sautin. Dynamicsda bambance-bambance a cikin girmasamar da tsarin magana. Fasali wanda ke ƙaruwa a cikin ƙarar zuwa ƙwanƙolin sa sannan ya ɓace yana haifar da madauki na halitta wanda masu sauraro ke amsawa da hankali. Yi tunanin mawaƙa yana numfashi mai zurfi kuma yana sakin layi tare da crescendo a kan mafi girma sautin maganawanda yake da motsin rai mai motsi.

Ƙarƙashin ƙira

Yadda kuka fara da kuma ƙarshen bayanan rubutu yana bayyana yanayin magana. Matakan Legato suna jin gudana da waƙa; matakai na staccato suna jin tsauri da kuma sautin. Sautunan, bayanan fatalwowi (ƙananan sauti), faduwa, da nunin faifai suna ƙara ƙarin rubutu da halayya. Masanin kewayon magana yana da mahimmanci don maganganu masu amfani. Bambanci tsakanin layin saxophone mai santsi da kuma bugun jini, ƙirar piano solo yana kusan gaba ɗaya a cikin magana.

Amfani da Wuri

Rashin da kuma hutu ba su da komai lokacin da suke aiki. sararin samaniya yana bawa mai sauraro damar aiwatar da abin da aka yi wasa kuma yana gina tsammanin abin da zai zo gaba. Mafi yawan mawaƙa na jazz suna amfani da shiru a matsayin kayan aiki mai ƙarfi don ƙirƙirar lokutan tashin hankali. Thelonious Monk wani masani ne na sararin samaniya.

Ƙarfafawa

Yawancin manyan jazz solos suna gina a kusa da gajeren jigon waƙa wanda aka maimaita, ya bambanta, kuma ya faɗaɗa. Wannan yana haifar da ma'anar labari da daidaito. Ta hanyar haɓaka ra'ayi guda ɗaya a cikin solo, kuna ba mai sauraro zaren da zai bi. Sonny Rollins ya kasance masanin haɓaka motsa jiki, sau da yawa yana ciyar da duka ƙungiyar mawaƙa don rarrabe mutum mai sauƙi mai sauƙi ko mai sautin waƙa. Fassara shine yadda kuke gabatar da waɗannan jigon canza sautin, motsin rai, da magana don kiyaye su sabo da ban sha'awa.

Ƙaddamar da Ƙaddamarwa

Ana kuma bayyana furci ta hanyar bayanan da ka zaɓa don nunawa a cikin jituwa. Targeting na 3 ko 7 na wani kirtani yana haifar da ƙarfin ƙuduri. Ƙara tsawo (9th, 11th, 13th) ko canzawa na tashin hankali yana haifar da launi da rashin jituwa wanda ke buƙatar ƙuduri. Fasali wanda ya sauka a kan sautin kirtani yana sauti ƙasa; wani magana wanda ya ƙare a kan sautin wucewa ko ƙofar sauti ba a warware shi da nema. Babban furci sau da yawa daidaita tsakanin waɗannan wurare da tafiya tsakanin su.

Muhimmancin Lokaci da Kuma Saurin Saurin

Rhythm shine tushen jazz, kuma sarrafa lokaci shine ruhun magana. Halin "swing" na musamman inda aka buga sautin takwas tare da tsari mara daidaituwa, gajere gajere yana da mahimmanci ga yawancin salon jazz. Amma swing ba kawai tsarin rhythmic bane; yana da jin motsi gaba da ƙarami. Ingantaccen magana ya dogara da fahimtar yadda ake hawa cikin madaidaiciya da kuma lokacin lankwasawa mai laushi don ƙirƙirar tasirin bayyanawa.

Jin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙar

Ana iya tunanin swing a matsayin ci gaba. A mafi mahimmanci, yana ƙunshe da kunna sautin takwas tare da jin daɗin triple: sautin farko na kowane nau'i ya fi tsayi, na biyu ya fi guntu. A aikace, manyan masu kunna sautin suna daidaita ma'auni na dogon zuwa gajere dangane da saurin, salo, da niyyar motsin rai. A saurin saurin sautin, sautin takwas ya zama daidai; a saurin saurin saurin sautin, sautin na iya zama mai nauyi da fice. Mastering swing yana nufin yin amfani da wannan sassauci da motsawa cikin sauƙi tsakanin digiri na sautin.

Yin Wasa a "Kusa" da Masu Fada

Bayan tsarin motsa jiki kanta, kalmomin jazz sun ƙunshi wasa "a kusa" da bugun jini. Saurari kowane babban mawaƙa kuma zaku ji su wani lokaci suna jan baya da bugun jini ko turawa gaba. Yin wasa a baya na iya sa magana ta zama mai nutsuwa, mai tunani, ko mai rai. Yin wasa a gaba yana ba da kuzari da kuma ci gaba. Mafi kyawun solo suna amfani da hanyoyi biyu don ƙirƙirar motsa jiki da jan hankali. Wannan rubato mai saurin saurin sautin alama ce ta furcin jazz. Yi aiki tare da metronome, da gangan sanya bayanan ku dan kadan daga baya, sannan don ciki da gaba da sarrafa shi da hankali.

Yadda Yin Magana Yake Shafan Yadda Ake Ingantawa

Ingantawa shine aikin haɗin kai, kuma magana shine babban abin da ke haifar da waɗannan ra'ayoyin kai tsaye zuwa labarin da ya dace.

Ƙirƙirar Ƙayyadaddun Abubuwa

Kyakkyawan magana yana ba da tsari ga yin amfani da kayan aiki. Maimakon ci gaba da yin amfani da sikelin da arpeggios, masu haɓaka masu tasiri suna tunanin gajere, ra'ayoyin kiɗa masu ƙwarewa waɗanda ke haɗuwa da hankali. Wadannan maganganun suna daidaitawa da ci gaban jituwa, tare da hutu na halitta a canjin jituwa ko a ƙarshen sassan guda huɗu ko takwas. Wannan yana ba mai sauraro damar bin "littafi" na solo. Ko da rikitarwa, saurin layi suna zama masu narkewa lokacin da aka karya su cikin sassan da aka tsara da kyau.

Yadda Za a Bayyana Motsin Rai

Fassara shine babban kayan aiki don isar da motsin rai a cikin haɓaka. Wani ƙaramin magana mai launin shuɗi wanda aka buga tare da ɗan ɗan jin daɗi da saurin saurin sauka na iya zama mai baƙin ciki. Fassara mai farin ciki tare da ƙayyadaddun magana da jin daɗi na gaba na iya zama mai farin ciki. Ta hanyar fassarar kalmomi, zaku iya ɗaukar masu sauraro a cikin tafiya ta motsin rai. Babban jazz solos galibi suna da sararin samaniya mai kyau wanda ke farawa cikin nutsuwa, yana gina kuzari ta hanyar gajerun kalmomi da ƙarin syncopated, kuma yana warwarewa tare da dogon, mai ɗorewa sautin ko fadada rhythmic. Wannan labarin ne ta hanyar kiɗa.

Yadda Za Mu Iya Koyar da Muryarmu

Fassara wani muhimmin bangare ne na salon mutum na mawaƙa. Kwatanta rikodin Miles Davis da na John Coltrane. Dukansu masanan ne, amma fasalin su ya bambanta sosai. An san Davis da ƙarancinsa, cike da sarari, bayan-tsaye. Coltrane sau da yawa yana wasa da ƙarancin, saurin wuta da ke motsawa da ƙarfi da "sheets of sound".

Ka Ƙara Ƙwarewar Ka a Yin Magana

Inganta magana shine sakamakon kai tsaye na sauraron hankali, kwaikwayon tunani, da kuma yin aiki da gangan. Hanyoyi masu zuwa sune hanyoyin da aka tabbatar don haɗe da ra'ayoyin magana na zamani.

Sauraron da Aka Yi da Kuma Rubutun

Fara da sauraron masanan tare da hankali. Kada kawai ka bar rikodin ya yi wasa a baya. Saurari jimlar: A ina suke numfashi? Ta yaya suke farawa da ƙare jimloli? Yaushe suke amfani da sarari? Kwafa taƙaitaccen jimla rubuta shi ta kunne yana ɗaya daga cikin hanyoyi mafi inganci don shawo kan jimla. Kada kawai ka lura da sautunan; yi alama da shimfidar wuri mai saurin saurin, maganganu, da kuma tashin hankali. Sa'an nan ka kunna shi daga ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya, ka yi ƙoƙarin sake maimaita jimlar. Wannan yana gina ƙamus naka kuma yana ba ka haske kai tsaye game da aikin maigidan. Fara da 'yan wasa masu sauƙi kamar Miles Davis ko Chet Baker kafin ka matsa zuwa masu haɓaka abubuwa masu rikitarwa.

Waƙoƙi da Sauraro

Kafin ka yi wasa da wata magana, gwada ka raira waƙa. Raira waƙa tana tilasta ka ka yi tunani a cikin yanayin numfashi da kuma karkatarwa, wanda ke fassara kai tsaye zuwa ga kayan aikinka. Yawancin manyan masu haɓaka, ciki har da Charlie Parker da John Coltrane, sun fara rubuta solo ta hanyar raira waƙa. Wannan fasaha tana taimaka maka ka halicci magana a matsayin magana ta murya maimakon jerin yatsun hannu. Idan zaka iya ji shi kuma ka raira shi da ji, zaka iya yin wasa da shi da ji. Wannan tsari an san shi da ji da jin da fahimtar kiɗa a zuciyarka kafin ka samar da shi.

Ka Yi Koyarwa da Yardar Rai

Yi amfani da metronome ko waƙa ta baya don yin aiki da saiti mai sauƙi. Saita metronome zuwa jinkirin saiti kuma kunna ƙira mai sauƙi, da gangan kunna wasu sautin a gaba da bugun jini da wasu a baya. Rubuta kanka don jin tasirin. Hakanan, yi aiki da kunna layin waƙa iri ɗaya tare da maganganu daban-daban Legato, staccato, mai ƙarfi don jin yadda magana ke canza halayenta. Wannan mai da hankali, mai sauƙi aiki yana gina hankali mai hankali akan zaɓin maganganun ku.

Yin Wasa da Ƙasar

Ka ba da lokacin yin aiki don ka bar sarari a cikin ƙwallon ƙafa. Don dukan mawaƙa, ka rage kanka ga wasa kawai ga kalmomi biyu ko uku, kowanne daga cikinsu yana da ƙananan ƙwanƙwasa. Wannan aikin yana tilasta maka ka sa kowane sautin ya ƙidaya kuma ya inganta hankalinka sosai. Za ka ga cewa sararin samaniya yana ƙara tashin hankali da sha'awa, yana sa ƙwallon ƙafa ka ji daɗa amincewa da kuma yin tunani.

Ƙalubalen da Ake Shafa wa Mutane

Idan ka san matsalolin da ke faruwa a yau, za ka iya yin nasara sosai.

Ƙarƙashin Bayanan Lura

Mafi yawan haɗarin da ake samu shi ne ƙoƙarin cika kowane bugun da sauti. Wannan ba ya barin wuri ga kiɗa don numfashi kuma sau da yawa yana haifar da rashin shugabanci. Tsoron shiru babban cikas ne. Koyi ka rungumi hutawa a matsayin kayan aiki mai ƙarfi don tashin hankali da saki.

Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙ

Yin amfani da irin wannan tsarin na sautin (misali, sautin takwas na yau da kullum) don kowane magana yana haifar da sauti mai maimaitawa, mai yiwuwa.

Yin watsi da Halin

Fassara da ba ta kula da canje-canjen da ke cikin akwatin sauti ko kuma nau'in waƙar (AABA na 32-bar, 12-bar blues) na iya sauti ba tare da haɗin kai ba. Fassara mai ƙarfi tana girmama jituwa. Yana numfashi tare da canje-canjen akwatin sauti, yana sauka a kan mahimman abubuwan tsari, kuma yana taimakawa wajen ayyana nau'in ga mai sauraro.

Ƙarshen

Fassara shine mafi girman furcin halayyar kiɗa a cikin jazz. Yana canza ilimin ka'idar zuwa cikin ƙwarewar sadarwa, mai sadarwa. Ta hanyar fahimtar mahimman abubuwa rhythmic placement, dynamics, articulation, space, da kuma ci gaban motsa jikida kuma ta hanyar nazarin aikin masanan jazz ta hanyar sauraro da rubutu mai aiki, zaku iya haɓaka salon magana wanda yake da gaske naku. Ka tuna cewa phrasing ba saiti ba ne na dokoki amma jerin zaɓuɓɓukan fasaha. Gwada, saurara da kyau ga kanka da wasu, kuma koyaushe ku yi ƙoƙari ku sadarwa ta hanyar kayan aikinku. Yayin da kuka inganta furcinku, zaku ga cewa wasanku ya zama mai jan hankali, na sirri, da kuma zurfin haɗi da al'adar labarin jazz mai wadata.