Menene Euphonium?

Euphonium wani kayan aiki ne na tagulla mai ƙira wanda aka buga a cikin B, tare da kewayon da yayi kama da na tenor trombone. Tsarinsa yawanci ya haɗa da bawul huɗu zuwa biyar, wanda ke ba da damar yin sautin sauti da kyau. Saboda sautin sa mai laushi da na waƙa, euphonium babban abu ne a cikin bands na iska, bands na tagulla, bands na soja, da wasan kwaikwayo na solo. Ba kamar yawancin kayan aikin tagulla waɗanda ke ba da fifiko ga haske da haskakawa ba, an gina euphonium don dumi, sassauci, da kuma magana mai ma'ana, yana mai da shi ɗayan kayan aikin tagulla mafi sautin murya a cikin ƙungiyar.

Sunan kayan aikin ya fito ne daga kalmar Helenanci euphonos, wanda ke nufin mai sautin sauti, wanda ke bayyana yanayin sautinsa daidai. Tarihi, euphonium ya bayyana a tsakiyar karni na 19 a matsayin ci gaban tuba mai ƙarfi da ƙaho mai bawul. Zane-zane na farko na masu kera kayan aiki kamar Ferdinand Sommer da daga baya Carl Moritz a Jamus sun taimaka wajen kafa euphonium na zamani.

Ana yin euphoniums na zamani daga rawaya mai launin rawaya ko ruwan hoda, tare da zaɓuɓɓukan azurfa ko zinariya. Murfin yana da zurfi kuma mai siffar mazugi, kamar murfin trombone amma ya fi fadi, wanda ke ba da gudummawa ga kayan aikin duhu. Rashin ƙuƙwalwa ya fi fadi da kuma kusurwa fiye da na ƙaho na baritone, bambanci wanda ke shafar wasa da sautin.

Euphonium vs. Baritone: Bambanci Mai Muhimmanci

Duk da yake euphoniums da ƙahonin baritone galibi ana rikita su, suna da bambance-bambance na gine-gine waɗanda ke shafar sautin su da kunnawa. Waɗannan bambance-bambance ba kawai na ilimi bane; suna tsara rawar da kowane kayan aiki ke takawa a cikin ƙungiyar kuma suna tasiri ga zaɓin mai kunnawa lokacin sayayya.

  • Girman bore: Euphoniums suna da girma, mafi ƙarancin ƙira wanda ke haifar da cikakkiyar, duhu. Baritones suna da ƙarami, mafi ƙirar cylindrical, wanda ke haifar da haske, sauti kai tsaye, galibi ana bayyana shi azaman edgier.
  • Sautin kararrawa: [1] Euphoniums yawanci suna da manyan kararrawa (10 inci ko fiye a diamita), suna haɓaka ingancin sauti da ƙirar su. Baritones suna da ƙananan kararrawa (yawanci 6.5 zuwa 8 inci), waɗanda ke ba da gudummawa ga mai da hankali, sautin da ya shiga.
  • Samar da bawul: Yawancin euphoniums suna da bawul huɗu ko biyar, gami da tsarin ramawa don inganta sautin a cikin rijistar ƙasa. Baritones yawanci suna da bawul uku ba tare da ramawa ba, kodayake akwai wasu samfuran bawul huɗu. bawul na huɗu akan baritone galibi sauƙaƙe ne trigger don faɗaɗa zangon, ba tsarin ramawa ba.
  • Aikin kiɗa: Euphoniums sun fi dacewa da kalmomin waƙa da na solo, suna ba da muryar tsakiyar mai kyau wanda zai iya raira waƙa a kan ƙungiyar. Baritones suna da kyau a cikin rawar rhythmic da harmonic, wasa da contra-melodies da cika zangon tenor-bass tare da tsabta. A cikin ƙungiyoyin lasifika na Burtaniya, euphonium shine babban muryar solo, yayin da baritone ke taka rawar tallafi.

Ga 'yan wasa masu sauyawa daga baritone zuwa euphonium, babban bakin da kuma fadi bore suna buƙatar ƙarin tallafi na iska da ɗan bambancin ƙugiya. Yawancin malamai suna ba da shawarar farawa a kan baritone ga ƙananan ɗalibai saboda nauyinsa mai sauƙi da ƙaramin hannayensa, sannan su matsa zuwa euphonium lokacin da ƙarfin jiki na mai kunnawa da ikon numfashi suka haɓaka.

Yadda Aka Tsara Ƙungiyoyin Ƙungiya da Kuma Yadda Aka Gina Su

Don fahimtar nau'ikan euphoniums, yana da amfani a san mahimman abubuwan kayan aikin. Euphonium ya ƙunshi bututun baka, babban slide na daidaitawa, sashin bawul, bututun gubar, ƙararrawa, kuma sau da yawa maɓallin ruwa. Abubuwan da ke ciki, kaurin tagulla, da daidaito na murfin bawul duk suna shafar sauti da amsawa.

Zaɓuɓɓukan ƙarfe suna da mahimmanci: jan ƙarfe (70% jan ƙarfe, 30% zinc) yana ba da haske, sauti mai amsawa; jan ƙarfe (85% jan ƙarfe, 15% zinc) yana samar da duhu, sautin dumi; kuma ana amfani da tagulla mai ƙarancin phosphor a wasu lokuta don wadataccen sautin mai rikitarwa. Layer lacquer (bayyananne ko zinariya) yana shafar kayan aikin kuma, zuwa ƙaramin mataki, sautin. Layer azurfa yana da yawa a kan ƙwararrun samfuran don ɗimbin sautin sa, mai haske. Layer yana da halayen kashe sautunan kaɗan, yayin da azurfa ya riƙe amsa mai rai.

Tsarin bawul akan euphoniums yawanci suna aiki ne na sama (kwalfin piston) ko na gaba (kwalfin piston akan ƙirar zamani). Wasu tsofaffin kayan aiki suna amfani da bawul mai juyawa, amma piston suna da yawa saboda saurin amsawa da dogaro. Tsarin biyan kuɗi, alama ce ta ci gaba da euphoniums, yana amfani da hanyar sadarwa ta ƙarin bututu da kuma kwandon bawul na musamman don tura iska ta ƙarin madaukai lokacin da aka yi amfani da bawul na huɗu. Wannan yana tabbatar da cewa ƙananan rajista ya kasance cikin layi tare da bidi'ar da ta kawo sauyi a cikin aikin kayan aiki.

Nau'in Euphoniums

Euphoniums suna samuwa a cikin zane da tsari daban-daban, kowannensu yana da halaye na musamman da aka tsara don nau'ikan wasa daban-daban da saitunan.

1. Yin amfani da Euphonium

Euphonium mai ramawa shine samfurin da ya fi shahara tsakanin 'yan wasa da ƙwararrun. Yana da bawul na huɗu da tsarin ramawa wanda ke sake tura iska ta hanyar ƙarin bututu lokacin da aka yi amfani da wasu haɗin bawul. Wannan ƙirar yana inganta daidaiton daidaitawa sosai, musamman a ƙananan B, A, A, da ƙasa. Ba tare da ramawa ba, waɗannan bayanan suna da ƙarancin kaifi; tsarin ramawa yana ƙara ƙarin bututu don rage saurin, yana sa kayan aikin ya dace a cikin madaidaicin cikin cikakken zangon sa.

Yawancin orchestras da masu wasan rawa na rawa suna amfani da euphoniums masu biyan kuɗi. Alamomi kamar Besson, Yamaha, Willson, da Sterling sanannu ne don samfuran su na biyan kuɗi. Jerin Besson Prestige, musamman, misali ne ga masu sana'a masu biyan kuɗi. Matsakaicin abu shine nauyi: biyan kuɗin euphoniums suna da nauyi da rikitarwa, galibi suna da nauyin fam 10, wanda zai iya zama mai gajiyarwa a cikin doguwar zaman wasa.

FLT:0]]Amfani: FLT:1]] Mai kyau ne ga ƙungiyar kide kide, ƙungiyar ƙarfe, da wasan kwaikwayo na solo inda ƙayyadaddun intonation da sauti mai wadataccen sauti suna da mahimmanci. Tsarin biyan kuɗi yana ba da damar amincewa da wasa mai ƙarancin rajista, wanda ke da mahimmanci ga masu wasan solo da manyan players.

2. Ba a Amfani da Euphonium ba

Ba a ba da kyauta ba, ba a ba da kyauta ba, amma ba a ba da kyauta ba. Suna da sauƙi, sauƙi don kiyayewa, kuma sun fi tsada fiye da samfurin kyauta. Duk da haka, suna buƙatar ƙwarewa daga mai kunnawa don wasa a cikin sautin, musamman a cikin ƙananan rajista. Tare da kayan aiki mara kyau, mai kunnawa dole ne ya yi amfani da yatsun hannu na madadin (kamar 1-3 ko 1-2-3) kuma daidaita tare da ƙuƙwalwar ko slide don daidaita filin.

Wadannan kayan aiki suna da yawa a cikin ƙungiyoyin makaranta da kuma ga 'yan wasa a kasafin kuɗi. Yamaha YEP-321 misali ne na misali na euphonium mai sauyawa uku wanda ɗalibai suka yi amfani da shi tsawon shekaru. Akwai samfuran masu sauyawa guda huɗu da yawa, suna ba da damar samun damar ƙasa mafi kyau amma har yanzu ba su da daidaitaccen sautin kai tsaye na ƙirar ƙira.

Ya dace da masu farawa ko masu matsakaici da waɗanda ke cikin ƙungiyar makaranta ko ƙungiyoyin al'umma tare da iyakantaccen kasafin kuɗi. Hakanan suna da kyau ga salon kiɗa mai sauƙi inda ba a buƙatar rajista mai ƙarancin ƙarfi.

3. Euphonium mai bawul huɗu

Fitowar bawul huɗu na iya zama mai biyan kuɗi ko ba mai biyan kuɗi ba. bawul na huɗu yana canza wasan: yana maye gurbin haɗuwa da 1-3, wanda ya shahara sosai, kuma yana ba da mafi kyawun yatsan hannu don ƙananan D, C #, da ƙananan C. Hakanan yana faɗaɗa zangon ƙasa da babban kashi uku.

Wasu samfuran bawul huɗu ana siyar dasu azaman semi-compensating, inda bawul na huɗu ya gina cikin madauki mai biyan kuɗi amma ba cikakkiyar tsarin ba. Euphoniums na gaskiya masu biyan kuɗi suna da bawul huɗu (wani lokacin biyar) tare da keɓaɓɓen kewayawar biyan kuɗi. Bambanci yana da mahimmanci: bawul huɗu ba mai biyan kuɗi ba ne mai yawa daga samfurin bawul uku, amma har yanzu ba shi da kwanciyar hankali kamar ƙahon biyan kuɗi.

FLT:0 yana amfani da shi: [1] Ana son ɗalibai masu mahimmanci da ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙ

4. Euphonium mai bawul biyar

Ba a saba amfani da su fiye da samfurori masu bawul huɗu ba, euphoniums na bawul biyar suna ba da ƙarin bututu don ƙarin ƙwarewar ƙwarewa da faɗaɗa ƙananan zangon. bawul na biyar yana aiki azaman daidaitaccen sautin sauti, yana bawa mai kunnawa damar gyara takamaiman bayanan ba tare da amfani da jan slide ba ko maye gurbin yatsunsu. Wannan yana da amfani musamman ga wallafe-wallafen solo na zamani wanda ke buƙatar haɓaka agility a cikin ƙananan rajista.

Euphoniums biyar-valve kusan kawai suna biyan kuɗi na musamman kuma masana'antun masana'antu kamar su Willson, Besson (ƙaddamar da iyakance), da masu tsarawa kamar Adams da Sterling ne suka gina su. Ƙarin bawul yana ƙara nauyi da rikitarwa, kuma ba duk 'yan wasan da ke ganin ya zama dole ga kundin su ba.

FLT:0]]Ana amfani da shi ta hanyar masu kunnawa masu ci gaba waɗanda ke neman iyakar iko akan intonation da faɗaɗa zangon, galibi a cikin solo ko ƙwararrun saitunan. Ba a saba samun su a cikin bands na iska amma ana iya samun su a cikin ƙananan shirye-shiryen jami'a na babban matakin.

5. Yin tafiya a kan Euphonium

An tsara euphoniums masu tafiya don amfani a waje da kuma wasan kwaikwayon ƙungiya mai tafiya. Gabaɗaya suna da ƙaranci, haske, kuma suna da ƙararrawa mai fuskantar gaba don nuna sauti zuwa ga masu sauraro. Wasu samfuran suna da convertible, suna ba mai kunnawa damar sauyawa tsakanin safiya da tsarin wasan kwaikwayo. Ana iya yin layin lead da bakin bakin wani lokacin don sauƙaƙe wasa yayin tafiya, kuma ana yin kayan aiki sau da yawa daga jan ƙarfe mai haske ko ma fiberglass don tsayayyar tsayayya.

Sautin euphonium mai tafiya yana kama da na euphonium na wasan kwaikwayo amma galibi yana da haske saboda ƙananan zaɓuɓɓukan bore da rage flare. Alamomi kamar King, Yamaha, da Jupiter suna ba da samfuran tafiya na musamman. Wasu 'yan wasa suna amfani da ƙaho na baritone don tafiya saboda nauyi, amma euphonium na gaskiya yana ba da zurfin sautin mafi kyau ga ƙungiyar.

Aikin: FLT:1 Ya dace da ƙungiyoyin tafiye-tafiye, ƙungiyar drum, da wasan kwaikwayo na waje inda juriya da haskakawa ke da mahimmanci.

6. Ƙaramin Ƙaramin Ƙaramin Ƙaramin Ƙaramin Ƙaramin Ƙaramin Ƙaramin Ƙaramin Ƙaramin Ƙaramin Ƙaramin Ƙaramin Ƙaramin Ƙaramin Ƙaramin Ƙaramin Ƙaramin Ƙaramin Ƙaramin Ƙaramin Ƙaramin Ƙaramin Ƙaramin Ƙaramin Ƙaramin Ƙaramin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙar

Wadannan suna sau da yawa uku-valve, wadanda ba su da ma'auni da ƙananan ƙaho diamita (yawanci 9 zuwa 10 inci). An tsara su don matasa 'yan wasa tare da ƙananan hannaye da ƙarancin ƙarfin jiki. Tububu yana da ƙarami a cikin ma'auni, kuma kayan aikin yawanci ya fi sauƙi. Wasu samfuran ɗalibai suna da ƙaramin ƙugiya don sauƙaƙe sauyawa daga ƙugiya ko ƙugiya.

Duk da yake ƙananan euphoniums suna ba da wasu ƙananan sauti da kuma yawan ƙarfin aiki, suna da kyau sosai kayan aikin koyo. Alamomi kamar Mendini, Eastar, da John Packer suna ba da samfurori masu araha ga ɗalibai.

An yi amfani da shi don shirye-shiryen ƙungiyar makarantar firamare da na tsakiya, inda matasa masu kunnawa zasu iya haɓaka ƙwarewar asali ba tare da ɗaukar nauyin kuɗi ko na zahiri na babban kayan aiki na ƙwararru ba.

Zaɓin Farin Cikin Farin Cikin Farin Cikin Farin Ciki

Zaɓin da ya dace ya dangana ne ga ƙwarewarka da makasudinka da kuma irin waƙar da kake son ka yi.

  1. Fasaha: Masu farawa na iya fifita samfurin da ba ya biyan kuɗi saboda sauƙin sa da ingancin sa, yayin da 'yan wasa masu ci gaba ke amfana daga biyan kuɗin da aka inganta na euphoniums. Ga masu farawa na ainihi, samfurin ɗaliban ɗalibai ba tare da biyan kuɗi ba sau da yawa shine farkon farawa.
  2. ] Musical Style: Don aikin solo na lyrical da kundin waƙoƙin kida, euphonium mai ramawa ya fi dacewa. Don tafiya ko amfani a waje, euphonium mai tafiya ya fi dacewa. Ga ƙungiyar mawaƙa, biyan kuɗi kusan wajibi ne.
  3. A cikin wannan yanayin, za a iya amfani da shi don yin amfani da kayan aiki na musamman.
  4. Kasafin kuɗi: Euphoniums suna bambanta sosai a cikin farashidaga ƙasa da $ 500 don samfurin ɗalibi zuwa sama da $ 5,000 don kayan aikin biyan kuɗi na ƙwararru. Kada ku manta da kayan aikin da aka yi amfani da su daga shahararrun alamomi, waɗanda zasu iya ba da fasali na ƙwararru a ragi.
  5. Ta'aziyya ta jiki: Girman da nauyin kayan aiki ya kamata ya dace da jikinka da kuma yanayin wasa. Gwada riƙe da euphonium mai ramawa kafin ka saya; wasu 'yan wasa sun fi son haske, ba mai ramawa ba don doguwar zaman horo.
  6. Alamar da Sabis: [1] Shahararrun alamomi suna da mafi kyawun sassan samuwa da kuma sadarwar sabis. Kayan aiki daga Besson, Yamaha, Willson, da Adams suna da ƙimar sake siyarwa kuma suna da sauƙin kiyayewa. Don ƙananan kasafin kuɗi, John Packer da Wessex Tubas suna ba da ƙima mai kyau.

Yadda Ake Amfani da Farin Farin Farin Farin

Sautin euphonium mai arziki da kuma bambancinsa ya sa ya dace da yanayi mai yawa:

  • Bands: Euphoniums sau da yawa suna dauke da layin waƙa da jituwa, suna ba da murya mai dumi.
  • Ƙungiyoyin Brass: [1] Muryar mahimmanci, galibi ana nuna ta a cikin matakai na solo da haɗuwa da ƙungiyoyi. A cikin ƙungiyoyin lasifika na salon Burtaniya, sashin euphonium shine tauraron, yana taka rawar soprano a cikin zangon tenor. An rubuta yawancin shahararrun euphonium solos don ƙungiyar lasifika, kamar FLT: 2 The Holy Well da FLT: 3 da FLT: 4 Carnival of Venice FLT: 5.
  • An yi amfani da shi don nunawa da wadatar sa yayin wasan kwaikwayo na waje.
  • [1] FLT:0]]Kamar solo da kiɗa na ɗakin: [2] [2] Euphonium soloists suna yin waƙar da ke tsakanin gargajiya zuwa na zamani, galibi ana rakiyar su da piano ko ƙananan ƙungiyoyi. Kayan aikin ƙarar sauti ya sa ya zama manufa ga waƙoƙin waƙa. Yawancin mawaƙa na zamani sun rubuta waƙoƙin euphonium, gami da John Stevens da Philip Sparke.
  • Jazz da Kiɗa Mai Tasiri: Flt: 1 Wani lokaci ana nuna shi a cikin ƙungiyar jazz inda sautin sa mai laushi yana ƙara launi na musamman. Wasu manyan ƙungiyoyin ƙungiyoyi sun haɗa da ɓangaren euphonium, kuma an yi amfani da shi ta hanyar masu fasaha kamar Beatles (FLT: 2]] Magic Mystery Tour (FLT: 3) da kuma wasu wasan kwaikwayon Broadway.
  • Filin rikodi: [1] Euphonium ana amfani dashi a cikin waƙoƙin fim da kiɗan kasuwanci don ƙara wani rai, mai kama da ɗan adam ga sashin tagulla.

Yayinda euphonium ke ci gaba da haɓaka cikin shahara, kundin tarihinsa yana faɗaɗa. Kungiyoyi kamar International Tuba-Euphonium Association (ITEA) suna tallata kayan aiki ta hanyar taro, gasa, da wallafe-wallafe.

Fahimtar nau'ikan euphoniums da amfani da su yana ba wa mawaƙa damar yin zaɓuɓɓuka masu kyau, suna inganta jin daɗinsu da ingancin wasan kwaikwayon su. Ko kai ɗalibi ne da ke fara tafiyar euphonium ko kuma ƙwararren masani ne da ke bincika sababbin sauti, zaɓar kayan aikin da ya dace shine babban mataki zuwa nasarar kiɗa. Muryar euphonium ta musamman tana ba wa masu wasa lada tare da ƙwarewar kiɗa mai zurfi, kuma tare da ilimin da ya dace, za ku iya samun kayan aikin da ya dace da bukatunku.