Table of Contents

Kafa Tushen Ƙarfafawa

Kafin ka shiga cikin motsa jiki na ci gaba, yana da muhimmanci ka gina tushe mai ƙarfi na fasaha. Wannan ya haɗa da matsayi mai kyau, numfashi, da kuma saitin bakin, waɗanda ke da mahimmanci don ingantaccen samar da sauti da sarrafawa. Kayan ƙarfe masu ƙarami suna buƙatar babban iska da tallafi mai ƙarfi, don haka ko da ƙananan lahani a tushe na iya iyakance ci gabanka. Ɗauki lokaci don inganta waɗannan abubuwan yau da kullun.

Matsayi da Matsayin Kayan Aiki

Matsayi mai kyau yana inganta ingantaccen iska kuma yana rage tashin hankali. Zauna ko tsayawa tare da madaidaiciyar baya, kafadu masu nutsuwa, da ƙafafun kwance a ƙasa. Ya kamata a riƙe kayan aiki a cikin kwanciyar hankali, yana guje wa matsawa mara amfani a hannu ko wuyansa. Ga masu kunna trombone, tabbatar da slide yana motsawa kyauta ba tare da tilasta shi ba; ga masu kunna tubists da euphonium, daidaita kayan aikin don jin yana tallafawa amma ba nauyi ba. Guji yin taƙama gaba, wanda ke damun diaphragm kuma yana hana ƙarfin numfashi. Yi aiki a gaban madubi don bincika daidaitawa: kunnuwanku, kafadu, da kugu ya kamata su zama layi mai tsayi lokacin da kuka zauna. Don yin tsayi, ku riƙe gwiwoyinku a buɗe kaɗan don kula da sassauci.

Hanyar Homa

Masu wasa da ƙananan ƙarfe suna buƙatar iska mai ɗorewa da sarrafawa. Yi amfani da numfashi na diaphragmatic ta hanyar faɗaɗa ciki yayin da kuke numfashi sosai. Guji ɗaga kafadu ko numfashi mai zurfi na kirji, wanda ke iyakance ƙarfin iska. Yi aiki da numfashi mai zurfi da hankali kuma mai da hankali kan kiyaye iska mai ɗorewa yayin wasa. Aikin da ke da amfani: kwance a baya tare da littafi a cikin ciki kuma kalli shi ya tashi da faɗi yayin da kuke numfashi. Canja wannan ji zuwa wurin zama a zaune ko tsaye. Yi numfashi ta kusurwoyin bakinka na tsawon lokaci huɗu, riƙe har zuwa huɗu, numfashi a hankali har zuwa takwas. Sannu a hankali ƙara numfashi zuwa 12 ko 16 don gina jimiri. 'Yan wasan ƙwararru suna haɗa da na'urori na gina jiki ko horo na numfashi, amma koyaushe suna shakatawa, numfashi na farko na numfashi na asali.

Ci gaban Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙ

Kafin ka yi amfani da kafin ka, ka yi amfani da motsa jiki na pucker-smiley: ka yi amfani da kafin ka kamar kana tsawaitawa sannan ka yi murmushi sosai, ka riƙe kowane matsayi na tsawon dakika biyar. Ka yi amfani da kafin kafin ka a kan bakin kawai don gina daidaituwa. Ga masu kunna tuba, kafin ya fi sauƙi fiye da na trombone ko euphonium, amma ka'idodin guda ɗaya sun shafi. Gwada tare da sanya murmushi: cibiyar a kan lebe ga yawancin masu kunnawa, amma ƙananan daidaitawa na iya inganta saurin sauti da amsawa. Sa'an nan ka saurari sauti mai kyau don sautin sauti mai kyau, mai sauƙi.

Ka Yi Amfani da Dabaru Masu Amfani

A nan ƙasa akwai wasu dabaru masu muhimmanci da za ku haɗa a cikin al'adarku. Ku tsara zamanku don ku guji maimaitawa ba tare da tunani ba: ku yi wasa da gangan. Ingancin aikinku ya fi yawan awoyi muhimmanci.

  • Yi amfani da sautin da aka yi amfani da shi don yin amfani da shi a cikin wani nau'i na sauti.
  • FLT:0]]Yi amfani da Metronome: Ci gaban daidaito na rhythmic da daidaitattun saurin yana da mahimmanci don yin wasa tare da wasan solo. Fara a cikin saurin jin daɗi kuma a hankali ƙara. Yi aiki da sikelin, arpeggios, da etudes tare da metronome danna kan offbeats don haɗe bugun jini.
  • Aikin Scale da Arpeggios: Wadannan tsarin asali suna inganta daidaitawa da yatsun hannu da slide, sautin, da kuma sanin makullin daban-daban. Hada da dukkan manyan da ƙananan siffofi (na halitta, harmonic, melodic) a cikin cikakken kewayon kayan aikinku.
  • FLT:0]]Incorporate Lip Slurs: Ayyuka da ke motsawa cikin sauƙi tsakanin sassan suna taimakawa wajen haɓaka sassauci da nesa. Mayar da hankali kan haɗin kai maimakon sauri; bari iska ta yi aikin.
  • Rarraba Lokacin Aikinka: Rarraba takamaiman sassan fasaha, kundin, karatun gani, da kuma koyar da kunne don rufe dukkan fannoni na aikin kiɗa. zaman daidaitawa na iya zama 25% warming up, 30% nazarin fasaha, 25% repertoire, 20% karatun gani da koyar da kunne.

Sautin Sauti Mai Tsawo da Kuma Hanyar Huta

Aikin motsa jiki na dogon lokaci yana haɓaka ingancin sautin da ƙarfin numfashi. Fara a kan sautin da ya dace kuma riƙe sautin da ya dace na sakan 10 zuwa 20, mai da hankali kan sauti mai tsabta, mai ma'ana. Canja ƙarfin daga pianissimo zuwa fortissimo yayin da kake riƙe sautin mai daidaito. Wannan yana ƙarfafa bakin ku kuma yana inganta kula da iska. Don ƙarin ƙalubale, yi messa di voce: fara a hankali, crescendo zuwa cikakken girma, sannan kuma komawa zuwa shiru. Yi wannan a kowane sautin a cikin kewayenku mai sauƙi. Yi amfani da tuner don tabbatar da sautin ya kasance daidai a duk lokacin canjin ƙarfin. Manufar ita ce samar da tsabta, murya mai sautin baki ba tare da yin rawar jiki ko iska ba.

Maganin Yin Magana da Kuma Yin Jaraba

Lip slurs sun ƙunshi motsawa tsakanin sassan harmonic daban-daban ba tare da canza yatsunsu ko matsayi na zamewa ba. Waɗannan motsa jiki suna ƙarfafa sauye-sauye masu santsi kuma suna taimaka muku haɓaka agility a cikin bakinku. Fara a hankali, sannan a hankali haɓaka saurin yayin da ikon ku ya inganta. Abubuwan da aka saba da su sun haɗa da yin zamewa daga ƙananan zuwa manyan sassan da baya, da kuma tsalle-tsalle (misali, tushen zuwa biyar zuwa octave). Ci gaba da iska mai ɗorewa; yi tunanin iska tana gudana ta tsakiyar kowane filin. 'Yan wasan trombone na iya haɗawa da glissandos da lips don haɓaka sassauci. 'Yan wasan euphonium da tuba ya kamata suyi motsawa ta hanyar haɗuwa da bawul, suna mai da hankali kan buzz na bakin don jagorantar jin daɗi.

Hanyar Ƙaddamar da Ƙaddamarwa

Hanyar magana mai tsabta da iri-iri yana ƙara ma'ana da daidaito ga kunnawa. Yi amfani da fasahohin magana daban-daban kamar yin magana ɗaya, biyu, da uku ta amfani da ƙira mai sauƙi. Yi aiki akan tsabta a lokutan daban-daban da matakan motsi. Fara da metronome a ƙira huɗu = 60, kunna sautin goma sha shida a kan sautin guda. Sannu a hankali ƙara ƙira yayin da kake kiyaye harshen haske da iska. Don yin magana biyu (ta-ka, ko tu-ku), yi aiki a kan ma'auni da arpeggios. Hanyar magana uku (ta-ka ko tu-tu-ku) tana da amfani musamman don saurin wucewa a cikin ma'auni mai haɗari. Koyaushe haɗu da motsa jiki na magana da ma'auni; alal misali, kunna waƙa biyu-tabe tare da nau'ikan magana daban-daban (legato, marcato, staccato, staccato, daidaitaccen ma'ana).

Ƙirƙirar Ƙirƙirar Ƙirƙirar Ƙirƙirar Ƙirƙirar Ƙirƙirar Ƙirƙirar Ƙirƙirar Ƙirƙirar Ƙirƙirar Ƙirƙirar Ƙirƙirar Ƙirƙirar Ƙirƙirar Ƙirƙirar Ƙirƙirar Ƙirƙirar Ƙirƙirar Ƙirƙirar Ƙirƙirar Ƙirƙirar Ƙirƙirar Ƙirƙirar Ƙirƙirar Ƙirƙirar Ƙirƙirar Ƙirƙirar Ƙirƙirar Ƙirƙirar Ƙirƙirar Ƙirƙirar Ƙirƙirar Ƙirƙirar Ƙirƙirar Ƙirƙirar Ƙirƙirar Ƙirƙirar Ƙirƙirar Ƙirƙirar Ƙirƙirar Ƙirƙirar Ƙirƙirar Ƙirƙira

Ko da yake akwai wasu dabaru da za su iya canja wurin mutane, amma kowane kayan aiki yana da bukatun da ya bambanta.

Tuba

Tuba yana buƙatar ƙwanƙwasaccen ƙwanƙwasa da babban tallafi na iska. Mai da hankali kan zurfin numfashi mai jinkiri da buɗe bakin baki mai faɗi. Yi amfani da siffar murya ta hoo yayin busawa don cimma zagaye, duhu. Yi aiki da dogon sautunan a cikin ƙananan rajista (sautunan pedal da ɓangaren farko) don haɓaka murya. Don rijistar sama, guji matsa lebe; maimakon haka, matsa saurin iska. Yin wasa da ɓangarorin kida (misali, daga Wagner, Mahler, ko Holst) yana taimaka muku kewaya da rawar tubas daban-daban daga layin bass zuwa ɓangarorin waƙa.

Ƙarfin ƙanƙara

Aikin euphonium yana haifar da sautin waƙa mai laushi. Aiki akan legato yana wasa tare da slurs mai santsi da vibrato mai daidaituwa. Masu kunna euphonium galibi suna buƙatar sarrafa sautin mai sassauƙa sosai; yi amfani da jirgin sama mai saukar ungulu don daidaita tazarar hankali. Yi nazarin karatun waƙa (kamar na Rochut ko Bord) don haɓaka magana da sarrafa numfashi. Saboda euphonium sau da yawa yana ninka sassan trombone, aiki akan haɗuwa da daidaita haɗin gwiwa. Hakanan kuna aiwatar da saurin yatsun hannu, saboda yawancin sassan euphonium suna buƙatar agility (misali, solos na Curnow ko Sparke).

Ƙarfin ƙwayoyin cuta

Trombone yana gabatar da ƙalubale na musamman saboda slide. Ci gaba da fasaha mai santsi ta hanyar yin amfani da glissandos da kuma yin amfani da harshen legato. Ci gaba da hannayen slide da hannu da firm wrist. Yi amfani da zane-zane na slide don tsara matsayi ga kowane rubutu, musamman a lokacin saurin wucewa. Don matsayi na madadin, gwada tare da haɗuwa mafi inganci don kauce wa motsi mai yawa. 'Yan wasan trombone ya kamata su yi amfani da lip trills da multiphonics (na raira waƙa da wasa a lokaci guda) don ƙarfafa ikon sarrafa ƙugiya. Yin aiki yau da kullun a kan matsayi mai tsawo da kwanciyar hankali na hannun dama yana da mahimmanci. Saurari manyan trombonists kamar Christian Lindberg ko Joseph Alessi don sautin da ƙirar magana.

Kula da Lafiya ta Jiki da ta Tunanin

Yin wasa da wani kayan aiki mai ƙarancin ƙarfi zai iya zama da wuya a zahiri.

  • Yi hutu na yau da kullun: Ka guji gajiya ta hanyar yin gajeren hutu a lokacin dogon zaman horo. Hutu na minti 5 bayan minti 25-30 na wasa mai hankali yana taimakawa hana raunin amfani da yawa.
  • FLT:0]]Sanya ruwa mai gina jiki: FLT:1]] Shan ruwa yana taimakawa wajen kiyaye lebe da wuya lafiya. lebe masu bushewa suna fashewa da zubar da jini, suna shafar sauti. Sha ruwa a lokacin motsa jiki, kuma ka guji maganin kafeyin ko barasa kafin ka yi wasa.
  • FLT:0]]Tirfafawa da Warm Up: Tattara taushi na hannu, kafadu, wuyansa, da tsokoki na fuska yana rage tashin hankali kuma yana hana rauni. Kafin ɗaukar kayan aikinka, yi wuyan wuyan, ɗagawa a kafada, da kuma shimfiɗa lebe.
  • Ci gaba da daidaitaccen abinci: FLT:1] Abincin abinci mai kyau yana tallafawa jimiri da mayar da hankali. Abincin mai arziki a cikin baƙin ƙarfe (spinach, ja nama) yana taimakawa wajen jigilar oxygen, yayin da carbs masu rikitarwa ke samar da makamashi mai ƙarfi. Guji cin abinci mai nauyi nan da nan kafin motsa jiki.
  • FLT:0]]Midness and Relaxation: Yi amfani da motsa jiki na numfashi ko tunani don rage damuwa game da aiki da haɓaka hankali. Minti biyar na zurfin numfashi mai jinkiri kafin aiki na iya rage bugun zuciya da kwanciyar hankali.

Idan kana ciwo a kullum, musamman a baki, lebe, ko kuma hannu, ka nemi likita ko kuma likita da ya ƙware a aikin yi.

Fasaha Mai Kyau don Masu Wasa Masu Ƙwarewa

Da zarar ka fahimci muhimman abubuwan, ka bincika waɗannan fannoni masu ci gaba don ka kyautata sana'arka:

  • Multiphonics: Yin waƙa da wani sauti yayin wasa da wani yana haifar da kide-kide a kan kayan kida. Yi aiki ta hanyar busa sauti yayin da kake wasa a cikin sauti, sannan motsa sautin da aka rera da rabin mataki, sannan gaba ɗaya. Wannan yana faɗaɗa hankalin ku na jituwa da kuma sassauƙa.
  • Fitar da Fasaha: FLT:1 Fitar da harshen flutter, kuka, tasirin rabin bawul, da kuma karkatar da murya. Ana amfani da waɗannan a cikin kundin zamani (misali, ayyukan Berio, Xenakis) kuma suna iya ƙara launi mai bayyanawa.
  • Improvisation: (FLT: 1) Masu kunna ƙananan ƙarfe na iya haɓaka ƙwarewar haɓaka ta hanyar ƙirar blues, jituwa ta jazz, da kira da amsa tare da rikodin. Ko da masu kunnawa na gargajiya suna amfana daga haɓaka cadenzas ko bambance-bambance.
  • Wannan fasaha tana ba ka damar riƙe da sautin yayin da kake numfashi ta hanci. Yana ɗaukar watanni don haɓaka, amma yana buɗe ƙofofi don faɗaɗa jimloli a cikin kayan zamani. Yi aiki ta hanyar busa iska ta hanyar wuyanka yayin numfashi ta hanci, sannan sakin iska ta wuyan hannu a hankali.

Sauraro, Rubutawa, da Kuma Jagora

  • Saurari Aiki: Ka saurari masu wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na ƙwallon ƙafa na ƙwallon ƙafa na ƙwallon ƙafa don ɗaukar sautin, salo, da ra'ayoyin magana. Createirƙiri jerin waƙoƙin tubists (misali, Oystein Baadsvik, Roger Bobo), euphoniumists (misali, Steven Mead, Brian Bowman), da kuma trombonists. Mayar da hankali kan nau'ikan daban-daban: orchestral, ƙungiyar mawaƙa, jazz, da solo.
  • Rikodi kanka: Rikodi na motsa jiki yana taimakawa wajen gano wuraren ingantawa waɗanda bazai zama bayyane ba yayin wasa. Yi amfani da waya ko mai rikodi mai sauƙi, sannan saurara da kyau. Kwatanta sautinka da rikodin ƙwararru; lura da bambance-bambance a sautin, magana, da siffar motsi.
  • Aiki tare da Malami: Bayani na sirri yana hanzarta ci gaba kuma yana taimakawa wajen haɓaka halaye masu kyau. Har ma da 'yan wasa masu ci gaba suna amfana daga darussan lokaci-lokaci don karya tsaunuka da samun sabbin ra'ayoyi. Idan ba zai yiwu ba a gani, la'akari da darussan kan layi daga masana.
  • Riƙe ƙungiyoyi: Riƙewa tare da wasu yana inganta lokaci, ƙwarewa, da ƙwarewar sadarwa ta kiɗa. Ƙungiyoyin al'umma, ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙ
  • Saita Manufofin Gaskiya:Saita manufofin gajere da na dogon lokaci don ci gaba da motsawa da bin diddigin ci gabanka. Yi amfani da mujallar aiki don lura da abin da kuka yi aiki a kai, abin da ya inganta, da abin da ke buƙatar ƙarin kulawa. Yi bikin ƙananan nasarori, kamar ƙulla hanyar da ta fi wahala ko faɗaɗa zangonku da rabin mataki.

Kayan aiki da kuma Kulawa

Sa'ad da kake amfani da kayan aiki da kuma kayan haɗi, kana iya jin daɗin jin daɗinsu.

Zaɓin Abin Da Za Ka Yi Wa Kyaren

Girman bakin (diamita na rim, zurfin kofin, kurkukun) yana shafar sautin da sauƙin kunnawa. Babban bakin yana samar da duhu, mafi girma sauti amma yana iya buƙatar ƙarin iska da ƙarfin lebe. ƙaramin bakin yana haskaka sauti kuma yana sauƙaƙa mafi girma amma yana iya sadaukar da wadata. Gwada da yawa kafin yin aiki; kawo kayan aikinka da mai sautin don gwada su a cikin shagon. Yawancin masana'antun suna ba da samfuran artist waɗanda aka tsara don takamaiman salo.

Kula da Kayan Aiki

Ka tsabtace kayan aikinka a kai a kai: ka yi amfani da goga mai tsabta a kan bututu, ka wanke shi da ruwa mai dumi, da kuma bawul din mai a kowane mako. Masu wasan trombone ya kamata su tsabtace slide a kowane 'yan makonni kuma su yi amfani da cream mai tsabta. Ka bincika ko akwai faduwa a cikin haɗin gwiwa da kuma cork; ko da ƙaramin iska zai sa sauti da amsa su yi rauni. Ka adana kayan aikinka a cikin yanayi mai ɗorewa, ba a cikin mota mai zafi ko bene mai danshi ba. Ziyarar shekara-shekara ga ƙwararren masanin tagulla don daidaitawa da daidaitawa zai iya sa kayan aikinka ya yi wasa yadda ya kamata.

Kayan Aikin Digital

Yi amfani da aikace-aikacen metronome, masu saiti, da software na rikodi. Don horar da kunne, aikace-aikace kamar Functional Ear Trainer ko Perfect Ear suna taimaka muku wajen haɓaka tazara da makaman. Don karatun gani, yi amfani da Sight Reading Factory ko Music Tutor. Wasu 'yan wasa suna amfani da software na nazarin bakan (misali, Spectrogram) don ganin sautunan da inganta ingancin sautin.

Ƙarfafa Ƙa'idodin Kiɗa

Kada ka ƙuntata kanka ga nau'i ɗaya. Kayan kida masu ƙarancin ƙarfe suna bayyana a cikin gargajiya, jazz, pop, funk, marching bands, bands, da kuma kiɗa na duniya. Gwada kunna rubutun cello suites (Bach) a kan tuba, ko ƙa'idodin jazz a kan trombone. Bincika sautin da salo daga Latin, Afirka, ko kiɗa na lantarki. Abincin kiɗa na kiɗa ya fi bambanta, za ku zama mai dacewa da kirkira. Ku halarci wasan kwaikwayo na rayuwa, musamman ta ƙwararrun mawaƙa masu ƙarancin ƙarfe. Birane da yawa suna shirya bitar bita, darussan ma'aikata, ko bukukuwa na bazara da aka keɓe ga ƙarancin ƙarfe.

Don ƙarin karatu da albarkatu, bincika labarai daga Ƙungiyar Trombone ta Duniya da Ƙungiyar Tuba Euphonium ta Duniya. Shafin yanar gizo na Brass Musician yana ba da nasihu da tambayoyi. Don fahimtar kimiyya game da wasan rawa, shafin yanar gizon Bars na Jami'ar New South Wales ya bayyana yadda ginshiƙan iska, bakin, da bakin ke hulɗa. A ƙarshe, la'akari da littafin FLT:8The Art of Brass Playing (ko da yake ga ƙaho, ƙa'idodi sun shafi) na Philip Farkas (9) ko FLT:10 Wind Talk for BrassT:11 na Mark Ely da Amy Van Deuren don tsarin ilimin pedagogical.

Ta wajen haɗa waɗannan kyawawan hanyoyin a cikin al'adarka ta yau da kullum, za ka iya gina ƙwarewar yin wasa da ƙananan ƙarfe mai kyau da kuma ci gaba. Ka tuna, ci gaba yana bukatar lokaci da haƙuri, don haka ka kasance mai daidaituwa kuma ka ji daɗin tafiya ta ci gaban kiɗa.