Table of Contents

Trombone yana da matsayi na musamman a cikin iyalin tagulla. Slide na telescoping wanda aka gane nan take ba kawai wani bangare ne na inji ba; yana da kai tsaye, taɓawa mai tsawo na kunne da hannu na mai kunnawa. Ba kamar kayan aikin tagulla masu bawul ba, inda aka gyara tsayin kayan aiki kuma an canza sawun ta hanyar sake jagorantar iska ta hanyar ƙarin tsawon bututu, trombone yana ba da ginshiƙan iska mai canzawa. Wannan ƙirar tana ba wa mai kunnawa nauyin musamman da iko na musamman: ikon daidaita sawun da ƙwarewa mara iyaka, amma kuma alhakin sanin daidai inda kowane sawun "ya rayu" akan slide.

Masanin tsarin rubutun matsayi na slide na trombone shine ƙwarewar taswirar tushe don kewaya wannan yanayin sauti. Wannan jagorar yana ba da cikakken, mai iko zurfin zurfin zurfin zurfin zurfin zurfin zurfin zurfin zurfin zurfin zurfin zurfin zurfin zurfin zurfin zurfin zurfin zurfin zurfin zurfin zurfin zurfin zurfin zurfin zurfin zurfin zurfin zurfin zurfin zurfin zurfin zurfin zurfin zurfin zurfin zurfin zurfin zurfin zurfin zurfin zurfin zurfin zurfin zurfin zurfin zurfin zurfin zurfin zurfin zurfin zurfin zurfin zurfin zurfin zurfin zurfin zurfin zurfin zurfin zurfin zurfin zurfin zurfin zurfin zurfin zurfin zurfin zurfin zurfin zurfin zurfin zurfin zurfin zurfin zurfin zurfin zurfin zurfin zurfin zurfin zurfin zurfin zurfin zurfin zurfin zurfin zurfin zurfin zurfin zurfin zurfin zurfin zurfin zurfin zurfin zurfin zurfin zurfin zurfin zurfin zurfin zurfin zurfin zurfin zurfin zurfin zurfin zurfin zur

Asalin Fitarwa: Matsayi Bakwai na Musamman

A cikin jigon slide na trombone yana da sauƙi. Slide yana faɗaɗa tsawon ginshiƙin iska na kayan aiki, yana rage saurin tushe kai tsaye. Kowane ɗayan matsayi na misali guda bakwai yana faɗaɗa wannan ginshiƙin da kusan rabin sautin (rabin mataki). Matsayin suna lamba daga 1, mafi gajeren tsawon (slide cikakken janye), zuwa 7, mafi tsawo (slide cikakken faɗaɗa).

  • Matsayi na 1: Slide da aka cire gaba ɗaya a kan wuyan. Yana samar da mafi girman sautin don kowane jerin jituwa. Babban sautin shine B-flat.
  • Matsayi na biyu: Slide ya faɗaɗa kusan inci 3.5 (9 cm).
  • Matsayi na uku: (FLT: 1) Slide ya faɗaɗa kusan inci 7. A-flat ne. A yawancin nau'ikan wasan, ana amfani da wannan matsayin don takamaiman bayanan a cikin babban rajista don sauƙaƙe saurin motsawa.
  • Matsayi na 4: Slide ya faɗaɗa ta yadda bututun slide na ciki ya daidaita da rim ɗin kararrawa.
  • 5th Position: Slide ya faɗaɗa nesa da kararrawa, yana rage saurin zuwa G-flat.
  • Matsayi na 6: [FLT: 1] Slide kusan cikakke, barin kawai 'yan inci na bututu a cikin slide na waje.
  • Matsayi na 7: [FLT: 1] Slide ya faɗaɗa zuwa tashar inji.

Hadin Kan Harmoni da Matsayi

Fahimtar bayanin slide yana buƙatar fiye da haddace taswirar 1-7. Kowane matsayi yana buɗe dukkanin jerin muryoyin murya. Matsayin asali a matsayi na 1 shine B-flat, kuma muryoyin sun haɗa da B-flat (2nd partial), F (3rd), B-flat (4th), D (5th), F (6th), A-flat (7th), da B-flat (8th).

Abun bakin mai kunnawa da saurin iska suna zaɓar sautin sama, yayin da slide ke zaɓar jerin asali. Misali, rubutaccen matsayi na farko a sama da bayanin kula na iya nufin ainihin B-flat, octave B-flat, tsakiyar F, babban D, ko saman F. mahallin rubutun da aka rubuta akan ma'aikatan yana gaya wa mai kunnawa wane jituwa ya samar. Wannan alaƙar tsakanin rubutun da aka rubuta, lambar matsayi, da daidaitawar jiki na iska da lebe shine ainihin ƙwarewar hankali na wasan trombone.

Yadda Tsarin Bayani Ya Juya

A farkon sake fasalin trombone (sackbut) ba su yi amfani da lambobin matsayi na daidaitawa ba. 'Yan wasa sun haɓaka hankali mai kyau da kuma fahimtar kansa game da inda slide ya kamata ya kasance. Tsarin rubutu a cikin tsarin "1-7" ya bayyana a cikin ƙarni na 19 da 20 tare da ci gaban hanyoyin ilimin ilimi mai mahimmanci, musamman a Faransa, Jamus, da Amurka. zurfin zurfafawa cikin tarihin kayan aikin ya bayyana yadda wannan tsarin lamba ya sauya koyarwar kayan aiki, yana ba da damar ingantaccen watsa bayanan fasaha a tsakanin tsararraki. Don cikakken kallo ga wannan juyin halitta, albarkatun Oxford Music Online akan trombone FLT: 1FL ya ba da kyakkyawan yanayin tarihi.

Yadda Za a Rubuta Sauraron Kiɗa: Yadda Za a Karanta Alamar Matsayi

Ana sadarwa a cikin slides ta hanyar hanyoyi daban-daban, daga bayyananniya zuwa abin da ke da alaƙa.

Lambobi da Lambobi na Romawa

Hanyar da ta fi dacewa ita ce haɗa lamba (1-7) kai tsaye sama ko ƙasa da taken taken. A cikin matakan da suka ci gaba ko kuma ɓangarorin ƙungiyar mawaƙa, waɗannan alamun na iya zama kaɗan, ana sanya su ne kawai a wuraren da zaɓin matsayi na musamman ke da mahimmanci don yin nasara. Wasu tsofaffin littattafan hanyoyin Turai suna amfani da lambobin Roman (I-VII), kodayake wannan ba shi da yawa a yau.

Bayanan Bayani da Littattafan Hanyar Yin Aiki

Littattafan hanyar farawa (kamar hanyar Rubank na yau da kullun ko jerin abubuwan mahimmanci na FLT: 3) yawanci suna sanya cikakken lambar matsayi a cikin rubutu don kowane bayanin kula a farkon matakan. An tsara wannan don gina haɗin ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar tsoka tsakanin ƙirar gani na bayanin kula, tsammanin ji na sauti, da wurin jiki na slide. Yayin da ɗalibai ke ci gaba, waɗannan alamun suna raguwa, yana ƙarfafa dogaro da kunne da kuma fahimtar ciki.

Matsayi na Yanayi da Kuma Sauraronsa

Masu wasan kwaikwayo na kwararru suna karanta rubutu a mahallin. A sauka sikelin daga B-flat a matsayi na 1 zuwa E a matsayi na 7 yana nuna wani tsari na zane. Duk da haka, rubuta G a tsakiyar ma'aikatan za a iya wasa a matsayi na 1 (na biyu na ɓangare), matsayi na 4 (mahimmanci), ko ma matsayi na 6 (ta amfani da hanyar da ke kan pedal). Rubutun rubutu, haɗe tare da saurin wucewa, launi mai launi da ake so, da kuma bayanan da ke kewaye, yana ba da zaɓi mafi kyau. Yawancin albarkatun dijital na zamani, kamar cikakkiyar Taswirar Taswirar Norlan Bewley, suna ba da bayanan gani don daidaitaccen wuri da madadin.

Yadda Ake Saurara: Yadda Ake Sauraron Slides

Wataƙila darasi mafi muhimmanci ga kowane mai wasan kwaikwayo shi ne cewa lambar matsayi na slide da aka rubuta kawai farawa ne. Fisi na bututun tagulla mai silinda da haɗuwa da kararrawa mai ƙwanƙwasawa yana haifar da jerin jituwa wanda a lissafi "ba a daidaita" da tsarin daidaitaccen yanayi da ake amfani da shi ta hanyar pianos da yawancin orchestras na zamani.

Abubuwan da Suka Sa Mu "Gaskiya"

Yawancin sassan cikin jerin sauti suna da mahimmanci ko kuma filaye kuma suna buƙatar biyan kuɗi daga mai kunnawa.

  • A cikin wannan bayanin, an rubuta shi a cikin wani nau'i na biyu na rubutu.
  • A cikin wannan bayanin, an buga shi a matsayi na 4 (misali) ko kuma wani wuri na madadin. Mai kunnawa dole ne ya koyi "sauraron slide down" dan kadan don sauke filin zuwa sautin.
  • A cikin wannan bayanin, an rubuta shi a cikin wani nau'i na rubutu na farko da aka rubuta a cikin rubutun.
  • Flat na 7 (A-flat): Wannan shi ne mafi rashin daidaituwa. Yana da matukar kwance kuma yana buƙatar raguwa sosai (tsalle da ƙarfi zuwa ga mai kunnawa) don cimma madaidaicin farar.

Jagorancin waɗannan gyare-gyare shine abin da ke raba mai kunnawa mai ƙwarewa daga ƙwararre. Alamar "1st position" don tsakiyar B-flat ba daidai ba ne a cikin saitin wasan kwaikwayon. kunnen mai kunnawa ya wuce lambar da aka buga, yana mai da trombone kayan aiki wanda ake jagorantarsa ta hanyar sauti kamar yadda yake da waƙoƙi.

Matsayi na Musanya: Ƙarfafa Ƙarfin Fasaha da Ƙarfin Sauti

Duk da yake matsayi bakwai na yau da kullum suna ba da cikakken kwamfutar chromatic, amfani da hankali na matsayi na maye shine alamar ci gaba. Matsayi na maye shine kowane wuri a kan slide banda misali, matsayi na farko da aka koya wa masu farawa don takarda.

Sauƙin fasaha da kuma gudana

Babban dalilin yin amfani da matsayi na maye shine rage saurin motsawa mai girma. Yi la'akari da hanyar motsawa daga tsakiyar C (tsayi na 3 na misali) zuwa tsakiyar D (tsayi na 4 na misali) da baya. Wannan yana buƙatar tsabta, saurin tsalle na 3 zuwa 4. Wani ɗan wasa mai ƙwarewa na iya zaɓar yin wasa da D a matsayi na 1 na maye (ta amfani da matsayi na 4? A'a, D a matsayi na 1 ba shi da yawa a cikin ma'aikata. Babban D yana da mahimmanci a cikin 1st. Bari mu yi amfani da misali mafi kyau. Misali na gargajiya shine babban G. Ana buga shi a matsayi na 2 (tsayi na 6 na yau da kullun). Hakanan yana samuwa a matsayi na 4 (tsayi na 8). A cikin saurin wucewa tsakanin babban F (1st) da babban G, wasa na G a matsayi na 4 yana buƙatar babban motsi na slide. Yin wasa da shi a matsayi na 2 yana da tasiri sosai.

Wani misali na gargajiya ya shafi tsakiyar B-flat. Duk da yake ana koyar da shi a matsayi na 1, ana iya yin wasa a matsayi na 5. A cikin jinkirin, hanyar legato ta motsawa daga A-flat (3rd position) zuwa B-flat, ta amfani da matsayi na 5 B-flat yana haifar da kyakkyawan, madaidaicin legato wanda ke kauce wa "clack" na slide ya buga kulle na slide.

Launi da Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin

Matsayin slide yana tasiri kai tsaye a kan sautin. Aƙalla sautin da aka buga a cikin wani ɓangare mai girma (misali, G mai girma a matsayi na 2) yana da haske da kasancewa. Sautin da aka buga a cikin wani ɓangare mai ƙananan (misali, G mai girma a matsayi na 4) yana haifar da duhu, mafi rufewa, kuma mai yiwuwa ya fi kwanciyar hankali. Trombonists a cikin ƙungiyoyi ko ƙungiyoyin iska galibi suna zaɓar matsayi na madadin don haɗuwa da sashi mafi kyau ko don dacewa da launi na takamaiman mahallin jituwa a cikin kiɗa.

Juyin Juya Halin F-Addiction

Ga masu wasan kwaikwayo na wasan kwaikwayo tare da F-daidaitaccen (rotor wanda ke ƙara ƙarin bututu zuwa babban madauki), yanayin yanayin matsayi na maye gurbin ya canza gaba ɗaya. F-daidaitaccen yana bawa mai kunnawa damar faɗaɗa zangon har zuwa pedal C kuma, mafi mahimmanci, yana ba da matsayi masu yawa na maye gurbin a cikin matsakaici da ƙananan rajista waɗanda ba a iya kunna su ba. Misali, F-daidaitaccen yana bawa mai kunnawa damar kunna tsakiyar B-flat a matsayi na 2 (tare da kunnawa) ta amfani da wani ɓangare daban, yana rage yawan tafiye-tafiye a cikin fasaha.

Ci Gaban Ƙwarewa: Hanyar Koyarwa da Aka Yi a Tsarin Ɗaya

Ana yin amfani da hankali da kuma daidaitaccen aiki don a kawar da rata tsakanin sanin rubutu da kuma yin aiki da shi a hanyar da ta dace.

Ka Gina Kafin Ka San Abinda Ka Ce da Kuma Yadda Za Ka Tuna Muscle

Hannun dama na mai wasan trombonist dole ne ya haɓaka ƙwarewar hankali na nesa. Wani motsa jiki na yau da kullun shine "Column" ko "Emery Remington" hanya, wanda ya ƙunshi kunna sautunan dogon sauti akan ɓangaren guda ɗaya yayin da yake motsa slide ta kowane matsayi, sauraron ainihin sautin kuma jin nesa. Yin aiki a cikin ɗaki mai duhu ko tare da rufe idanu yana tilasta mai kunnawa ya dogara da wannan hankalin kinesthetic da kuma bayanan sauti, yana ƙetare dogaro da gani akan slide.

Hadin gwiwar Metronome da Tuner

Kayan aiki na sauti kayan aiki ne mai mahimmanci, amma dole ne a yi amfani da shi daidai.

  1. Ka yi wasa da wata waƙa a matsayinta na yau da kullum.
  2. Ka dubi mai saurin sautin.
  3. Ka daidaita slide har zuwa tsakiyar filin.
  4. Ka rufe idanunka kuma ka sake buga waƙar.
  5. Ka tuna da wurin da kake zama.

Haɗa wannan tare da saitin metronome zuwa jinkirin saurin (misali, bayanin kula na huɗu = 60). Yi wasa da sikelin chromatic a cikin cikakkun bayanan, motsawa zuwa matsayi na gaba daidai akan bugun jini. Wannan yana daidaita lokacin motsa jiki na slide tare da grid mai saurin saurin saurin sa.

Yin Aiki a Ƙasa da Manufa

Aikin motsa jiki na musamman yana da mahimmanci. Mai kunnawa dole ne ya yi aiki da sikeli tare da takamaiman manufofin fasaha. Misali, yin aiki da babban sikelin B-flat yayin da ake buƙatar kowane mataki ya zama cikakkiyar legato (cire "bop" na harshe don bayanin kula na biyu) yana buƙatar lokaci mai mahimmanci. Yin aiki da wannan sikelin a cikin saurin sauri a cikin sautin "dots" yana tilasta hannun motsawa a iyakar sauri don rufe manyan nisa a cikin ƙananan windows na lokaci. Littattafan hanya kamar na Kopch, Rochut (Bordogni), da Blazhevich ƙalubale sune mahimman ɗakunan karatu na kayan da aka tsara don tsara kowane bangare na fasahar slide da sanin matsayi.

Ƙarshen Ƙa'idar: Glissando da Microtones

Halin da aka yi na slide yana ba da damar yin tasiri wanda ba zai yiwu ba a kan kayan aikin jan ƙarfe.

Gidan Gidan Gidan Gida na Gida

Ana nuna glossando ta hanyar layi madaidaiciya da ke haɗa sautunan biyu. Aikin fasaha yana buƙatar mai kunnawa ya motsa slide cikin sauƙi kuma ci gaba ta hanyar dukkan matsayi na tsakiya yayin da yake riƙe da iska. Kalubale shine cewa jerin sautunan suna ba da umarnin wasu tsalle-tsalle masu jituwa; glossando mai santsi tsakanin ƙarancin sautin da babban sautin a kan ɓangaren guda yana da sauƙi, amma glossando a fadin "tsatsa" mai jituwa yana buƙatar kulawa mai kyau na ƙofar don ba da damar ɓangarorin su haɗu ba tare da hutu ko "tsatsa ba. " Masu rikodin sau da yawa suna ƙayyade "gloss. " ko "portamento" don nuna saurin da salon slide ɗin da ake so.

Sautin Ƙarfe da Ƙarfafa Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin

Masu rikodin kamar Astor Piazzolla (a cikin tangos don trombone) da mawaƙa na zamani na zamani suna buƙatar sautunan kwata (ƙauyuka a rabin hanyar tsakanin semitones). Tsarin ƙididdigar matsayin slide na yau da kullun ba zai iya lissafin waɗannan sautunan ba. Bayani yawanci yana amfani da haɗari kamar rabin kaifi (line mai tsayi ta hanyar kaifi) ko rabin lebur (line mai faɗi ta hanyar lebur). Trombonist dole ne ya lissafa matsayin slide a matsayin daidaiccen rabo daga nisan da ke tsakanin daidaitattun matsayi. Misali, kwata tsakanin B-flat (1st matsayi) da A (2nd matsayi) zai buƙaci matsayin "1.5", wurin da yake da ƙwarewar mai rikitarwa. Masanin waɗannan fasahohi yana buƙatar zurfin ilimi, fahimtar ilimin lissafin kayan aiki.

Ƙarshe: Taswirar da Yankin

Tsarin shimfidar wuri na slide na trombone ya fi sauƙi fiye da tablature. Yana da wadataccen tsari na sadarwa game da niyyar kiɗa a cikin lokaci da sarari. Yana wakiltar yankin yanayin yanayin kiɗa amma fasahar trombonist tana cikin kewayawa cikin ruwa, yanayin yanayin yanayin yanayin wannan yankin. Lambobin da aka buga suna ba da kwanciyar hankali da harshe na duniya don koyarwa. Duk da haka, mai kunnawa yana nuna ainihin iko wanda ke karkatar da hankali, daidaitawa, da faɗaɗa waɗannan ƙa'idodin a cikin sabis na cikakkiyar sauti, aikin fasaha mai sauƙi, da kuma sautin kiɗa. Ta hanyar haɗa zurfin fahimtar hankali na jerin jituwa da kuma aikin injiniya na matsayi tare da rashin jin daɗin horo na ciki, slide ya daina zama ma'auni na kai tsaye kuma ya zama hanyar kai tsaye ga muryar mai kunnawa.