Ƙungiyar Jazz Improvisation

Improvisation shine aikin da aka yi na halitta, wanda shine fasalin fasalin jazz wanda ke canza wani waƙa da aka rubuta zuwa tattaunawa ta sirri tsakanin mawaƙa da mai sauraro. Ga kowane mai kunnawa na jazz, ko kuna fara bincika nau'in ko kuma mai wasan kwaikwayo mai ƙwarewa wanda ke neman inganta sana'ar ku, sarrafa improvisation yana da mahimmanci don ƙirƙirar solo waɗanda ke ba da labari da kuma jan hankalin masu sauraro. Hanya mafi inganci don haɓaka wannan ƙwarewar ita ce ta hanyar tunani, tsari da aka yi amfani da motsa jiki ta hanyar amfani da motsa jiki. Waɗannan motsa jiki suna haɓaka ƙwarewar fasaha, fahimtar jituwa, da kirkirar rhythmic wanda ke ba ku damar bayyana muryarku ta mutum a ainihin lokacin.

Kafin ka shiga cikin ayyukan fasaha, yana da mahimmanci ka nutse cikin harshen jazz. Sauraron Charlie Parker, Miles Davis, John Coltrane, da Bill Evans ba zaɓi baneshi ne tushen farko na ƙamus na jazz. Ba za ka yi ƙoƙarin yin magana da Faransanci ba tare da fara sauraron masu magana da asali da koyon ƙamus na asali ba. Jazz yana aiki ta wannan hanyar. "Ƙamus" shine ci gaban ƙamus, sikelin, da arpeggios. "Kamus" shine nau'ikan waƙa, licks, da jimloli da masanan ke amfani da su. Ta hanyar aiki akai-akai akan motsa jiki da ke ƙasa, zaku iya haɓaka ƙamus, arpeggios, canje-canje a cikin ƙamus, da ƙamus na melodic, yana sa haɗin kai ya zama na halitta kamar yadda yake magana da harshenku na asali.

Me Ya Sa Za Ka Yi Koyarwar Ingantawa?

Ayyukan motsa jiki ba game da maimaitawa ba ne; an tsara su don horar da kunnenka, yatsanka, da tunanin kiɗa a lokaci guda. Ɗaya daga cikin manyan matsalolin da masu kida na jazz ke fuskanta shine tsoron kunna "ba daidai ba". Ayyukan motsa jiki na musamman suna gina hanyar tsaro ta ilimin jituwa wanda ke ba ka damar ɗaukar haɗari tare da amincewa. Suna taimaka maka ka fahimci yanayin jituwa na ka'idodin jazz, ka haɓaka ƙamus na ƙamus, da kuma gina amincewa don amsawa ga yanayin jituwa mai canzawa.

Aikin yau da kullun tare da motsa jiki da aka zaɓa da kyau yana hanzarta iyawar ku na sauraro da wasa akan ci gaban jigo mai rikitarwa, yana haɓaka ƙwarewar ku na rhythmic, kuma yana zurfafa fahimtar ku game da maganganun kiɗa.

Abubuwan Da Suka Sa Ya Dace Ga Yin Waƙar Jazz Solo

Wadannan motsa jiki suna nufin manyan ginshiƙan improvisation na jazz: ci gaban waƙa, bayyananniyar jituwa, kerawa mai ladabi, da kuma koyar da kunne. Haɗa su cikin aikin yau da kullun, mai da hankali kan ɗaya ko biyu a kowane zaman kafin ka ci gaba. Yi amfani da metronome ko waƙa ta baya kamar iReal Pro ko Aebersold don yin kwaikwayo tare da yanayin wasan kwaikwayon na ainihi. Koyaushe rikodin kanka don kimanta ci gabanka.

1. Ƙwarewa a kan sikelin da kuma yanayin da ke da bambancin da ke cikin sautin

Scales sune albarkatun kayan aikin haɓaka, amma kawai motsa su sama da ƙasa yana haifar da sanyaya, ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙ

  • Ka yi wasa da ma'auni a cikin sautin takwas, sa'an nan kuma ka sauya zuwa sautin takwas tare da sautin ƙasa mai ƙarfi. Ka mai da hankali ga jin "gajeren lokaci" na sautin.
  • Yi amfani da sikelin a cikin tsarin triplets: 1-2-3, 2-3-4, 3-4-5, motsawa sama da ƙasa. Wannan yana gina ƙwarewar yatsun kuma yana karya al'adar "daidai sama da ƙasa".
  • Yi wasa da sikelin a cikin lokaci: uku (C-E, D-F, E-G) suna ba da wani nau'i na waƙa daban; ci gaba zuwa na huɗu, shida, da bakwai.
  • Ka yi amfani da ƙamus guda ɗaya don yin gyara, sa'an nan ka yi amfani da ƙamus na biyu da zai fara a wani digiri dabam amma ya kasance a cikin yanayin da ya dace.
  • Yi aiki a cikin dukkan maɓallan 12. Don cikakken jerin yanayin jazz da aikace-aikacen su na musamman a kan canje-canjen sauti, ziyarci Koyi Jazz Standards .

Fahimtar Bayani na Musamman

Kowane yanayin yana da "sautin halayya" wanda ke bayyana sautinsa. Ga Dorian, shine na halitta 6th (misali, A a Dorian). Ga Mixolydian, shine na lebur 7th (misali, Bb a C Mixolydian). Ga Lydian, shine mai kaifi 4th (misali, F# a C Lydian). Lokacin da kake yin sikeli, jaddada waɗannan sautunan.

2. Yin amfani da takarda ta Arpeggio da kuma sautin da aka yi da shi

Arpeggios suna nuna jituwa kuma suna samar da ƙashin kashin baya na jazz solo. Jazz harmonies yana motsawa fiye da triads9th, 11th, da 13th sune launuka na jazz palette. Mafi ingancin aikin arpeggio ya wuce buga sautunan a cikin tsari; kuna buƙatar haɗa sautunan kusanci da ƙuƙwalwa don ƙirƙirar layin da ke da laushi, salon bebop.

  • Yi amfani da manyan, ƙananan, raguwa, da kuma rinjaye 7th arpeggios a duk juyawa a fadin fretboard ko keyboard. Sa'an nan kuma ƙara 9th, 11th, da 13th tsawo.
  • Yi wasa da arpeggios tare da juyawa mai sauƙi: fara a kan wani abu mai ban mamaki, yi amfani da syncopation, ko kunna su a matsayin arpeggios da aka karya (misali, tushen-5-3-7 maimakon tushen-3-5-7).
  • Ƙara bayanin kula na kusanci: kafin kowane sautin arpeggio, kunna bayanin kula rabin mataki sama ko ƙasa, sannan ka daidaita zuwa sautin sauti. Alal misali, idan sauti Cm7, kunna Db (ƙarin daga sama) sannan C.
  • Ka haɗa harsuna da kuma sassan sikelin don ka yi layin da zai motsa tsakanin sautunan da ke cikin layi da kuma sautunan da ke wucewa.

Hanyar Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙ

A FLT:0 enclosure ne mai sautin sauti inda ka kusanci wani manufa kirtani sautin daga rabin mataki sama da rabin mataki kasa (ko kuma akasin haka). Alal misali, don niyya na 3 na wani Cm7 kirtani (Eb), za ka iya wasa D (half mataki kasa), E (half mataki sama), sa'an nan kuma gyara zuwa Eb. Wannan ya haifar da karfi ji na tashin hankali da saki. Yi amfani da enclosures a kan 3rd, 5th, da 7th na kowane nau'in kirtani. Wannan motsa jiki guda zai inganta dabara da layi.

3. Ƙaddamar da Dalilai da kuma Tsarin Ayyuka

Wani babban solo sau da yawa yana gina daga ƙaramin ra'ayi ɗaya a maƙalliwanda aka haɓaka kuma aka canza shi a cikin aikin kwantar da hankula. Wannan yana haifar da daidaito da ma'anar labari, yana canza tarin abubuwan da aka yi a cikin wani labari mai ban sha'awa. Miles Davis ya kasance masanin wannan; ƙwarewarsa a kan "Don haka Me" an gina shi kusan gaba ɗaya akan gajeren dalilai biyu.

  • Fara da wani motsi na 2 ko 3 da ke amfani da tsalle-tsalle na tsakiya (misali, hawa ƙaramin uku, sannan gaba ɗaya).
  • Maimaita motsi daidai a wani matakin sautin (bi shi sama ko ƙasa a sikelin ko lokaci).
  • Ka bambanta jigon ta hanyar canza sautin sa (sanya shi, amfani da sautin da ya fi tsayi ko gajeren sautin) ko ta hanyar canza sautin daya yayin da kake kiyaye tsarin.
  • Yi amfani da motsi zuwa ga kirtani daban-daban a cikin wani ci gaba. Alal misali, dauki wani motsi ka buga a kan wani Cm7 da kuma canza shi zuwa Dm7 a cikin wani ii-V-I.
  • Don cikakken jagora kan yadda za a cire abubuwan motsawa daga rubutun kuma a yi amfani da su a cikin wasanku, duba JazzAdvice.

Fassara da Sakewa

Kada kawai ka maimaita motsi ta hanyar robotic. Yi amfani da fassarar FLT: 1 canza motsi, canza magana (legato vs. staccato), ko maye gurbin motsi da octave. Wannan yana sa mai sauraro ya shiga.

4. Rashin saurin motsawa da kuma daidaitawa da ake sarrafawa

Jazz yana da mahimmanci game da rhythm kamar yadda yake game da sautin. "kuma" na bugun jini shine inda aikin ke faruwa a jazz. Koyon maye gurbin tsarin rhythmic na iya sa ko da layin da ba su da sauƙi su zama sabo, ba zato ba tsammani, kuma suna motsawa sosai.

  • Ɗauki layi mai sauƙi na takwas (misali, daga jerin sikelin) kuma motsa shi don farawa akan "da" na bugun 1, sannan bugun 2, sannan "da" na 2, da dai sauransu.
  • Ka yi amfani da wannan furucin a hanyoyi dabam dabam: a cikin sahun takwas, a cikin swing, ko a cikin wani sahun Latin kamar bossa nova.
  • Ka ƙirƙiri wata magana da ke amfani da hutawa don ƙirƙirar sarari. Ka yi wasa da sautin biyu, ka yi hutu don bugun jini, sa'an nan kuma ka yi wasa da sautin uku. Ka yi gwaji tare da wuraren hutawa daban-daban. "Sararin samaniya sautin da ba ka yi wasa ba ne", kamar yadda Miles Davis ya ce.
  • Ka yi waƙar da kake ji da kyau, amma ka yi amfani da sautin da ya bambanta. Wannan zai sa ka daina yin abubuwa da yawa kuma zai sa ka yi tunani sosai game da yadda za ka yi magana da sautin, tsawon lokacin da kuma yadda za ka furta.

5. Kira da Amsa: Yin Tattaunawa

Kira da amsa kayan aiki ne na asali don haɓaka tattaunawar kiɗa, ko kuna wasa tare da wasu ko kuna motsa jiki kadai. Yana ƙware kunne da ikon ku na tsara jimloli cikin maganganu masu jituwa. Wannan yana fassara kai tsaye zuwa "ciniki huɗu" a cikin zaman jam, inda mawaƙa ke musayar jimloli 4-bar.

  • Ka yi wasa da gajeren furucin "kira" (ƙwaraƙwarai 2 zuwa 4), sannan ka yi wasa da "amsa" da ke cika shi a hanyar da ta dace ko kuma ta hanyar da ta dace.
  • Yi amfani da pedal na loop: rikodin mai ɗaukar nauyin 2-bar, sannan ka yi amfani da kalmomin kira da amsa a kan shi, yana canzawa tsakanin babban rajista da ƙananan rajista don bambanci.
  • Ka yi amfani da wani sauti na jazz: ka yi wasa tare da waƙa, sa'an nan ka amsa da cikawa bayan kowane magana. Wannan zai koya maka yadda za ka yi hulɗa da mawaƙa ko mai kunna ƙaho.
  • Idan kana da abokin aiki, ka yi ma'amala da biyu ko hudu, ka yi kwaikwayon zaman jam na jazz na gaske. Wannan yana ɗaya daga cikin hanyoyi mafi sauri na gina ƙwarewar ingantawa na ainihi.

6. Koyarwar Karatu da Kuma Aikin Da Aka Yi Bisa Rubutun

Idan ka yi wasa da kunne, kana bukatar ka san abin da kake so ka yi kafin ka yi wasa. Dole ne yatsanka ya kasance a wurinka a koyaushe, ba a ma'ana ba.

  • Sa'an nan kuma bincika tazara da sautin sauti da aka yi amfani da shi. Sautin rubutu shine mafi inganci aiki don gina ƙamus na jazz.
  • Ka yi amfani da wannan hanyar don ka iya yin waƙa da kuma yin waƙa da kyau, kuma ka yi amfani da wannan hanyar don ka iya yin waƙa da kyau.
  • Yi wasa "kira da amsa" tare da bayanan bazuwar daga waƙa ta baya: saurara, sa'an nan kuma gwada daidaitawa da sautin da kuma sautin nan take.
  • Yi amfani da software na horo na kunne. Aikace-aikace kamar EarMaster suna ba da takamaiman darussa don jinkirin jazz da ganewar ci gaban sauti.

Yadda Za Ka Tsara Ayyukanka

Don yin amfani da waɗannan darussan, tsara lokacin aikinka na yau da kullum don rufe bangarori daban-daban na yin gyara. Hanyar da aka rarraba za ta ba da sakamako mai jinkiri. A ƙasa akwai samfurin zaman minti 60 da aka tsara don daidaitaccen ci gaba.

  • FLT:0]]10 min: Warm up tare da yanayin sikelin da arpeggios a cikin maɓallan biyu. Mayar da hankali kan daidaito, ingancin sautin, da kuma sautin da ya dace da kowane yanayin.
  • 15 min: Nitsewa cikin zurfin zurfin zurfin zurfin zurfin zurfin zurfin zurfin zurfin zurfin zurfin zurfin zurfin zurfin zurfin zurfin zurfin zurfin zurfin zurfin zurfin zurfin zurfin zurfin zurfin zurfin zurfin zurfin zurfin zurfin zurfin zurfin zurfin zurfin zurfin zurfin zurfin zurfin zurfin zurfin zurfin zurfin zurfin zurfin zurfin zurfin zurfin zurfin zurfin zurfin zurfin zurfin zurfin zurfin zurfin zurfin zurfin zurfin zurfin zurfin zurfin zurfin zurfin zurfin zurfin zurfin zurfin zurfin zurfin zurfin zurfin zurfin zurfin zurfin zurfin zurfin zurfin zurfin zurfin zurfin zurfin zurfin zurfin zurfin zurfin zurfin zurfin zurfin zurfin zurfin zurfin zurfin zurfin zurfin zurfin zurfin zurfin zurfin zurfin zurfin zurfin zurfin zurfin zurfin zurfin zurfin zurfin zurfin zurfin zurfin zurfin zurfin zurfin zurfin zurfin zurfin zurfin zurfin zurfin zurfin zurfin zur
  • Aikin rubutun. Kwafi na 2-bar daga wani solo da kake sha'awa. Koyi shi a cikin maɓallan 12. Wannan ba zai yiwu ba don ci gaba mai tsanani.
  • 10 min: Jarabawar motsa jiki: ɗauki wani abin da kuka saba da shi kuma ku kunna shi farawa a kan bugun jini daban-daban.
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Kuskuren da Ya Kamata Mu Guje wa

Ko da da ka yi wasu ayyuka masu kyau, za ka iya yin ci gaba idan ka faɗa cikin tarkon da mutane suke yawan faɗa.

  • Yi wasa da sauri da wuri: Saurin ba tare da tsabta ba yana haifar da layin da ba shi da kyau. Yi aiki a hankali har sai ƙamus ɗin ya zama atomatik. Idan ba za ku iya kunna shi daidai a rabin lokaci ba, ba za ku iya kunna shi a saurin ba.
  • Ignoring chord tones: A solo cewa kauce wa chord tones sauti m da kuma aimless. Koyaushe manufa tushen, 3rd, 5th, da 7th a key harmonic lokatai (kamar farko da na uku beats na bar).
  • Fiye da amfani da kalmomin da aka riga aka koya: Duk da yake koyon ƙamus yana da mahimmanci, ƙirar ƙamus tare ba tare da sauti na ci gaban halitta ba. Koyaushe yi ƙoƙarin ƙirƙirar maganganu na asali ta hanyar haɗa ƙamus tare da kunnen ku.
  • Bayyana sautin: Yawancin 'yan wasa suna mai da hankali ne kawai kan sautin. Idan ka ciyar da lokaci iri ɗaya akan canjin sautin, ƙwallon ƙafa ɗinka zai zama mai ban sha'awa nan take. Yi aiki tare da metronome akan bugun 2 da 4.
  • Ba za ka iya inganta abin da ba za ka iya ji ba. Rubutawa da sauraron baya ba za a iya tattaunawa ba don ci gaba. Za ka ji abubuwa da yawa da ka rasa yayin wasa.
  • Bayyana Blues: The blues ne DNA na jazz. Yi amfani da sikelin blues, kalmomin blues, da "sauti masu launin shuɗi" (b3, b5, b7) a kan tsarin blues na 12-bar.

Fasaha Mai Kyau don Masu Wasa Masu Ƙwarewa

Ga waɗanda suka san ainihin abin da ke cikin littafin kuma suka ji daɗin yin waƙoƙi na yau da kullum, matakin na gaba ya ƙunshi motsa iyakar jituwa da kuma bincika waje da wasa. Waɗannan ra'ayoyin da suka ci gaba za su faɗaɗa yanayin ku kuma su shirya ku don sababbin salon jazz.

  • Side-slipping: Play wani magana da cewa shige rabin mataki sama ko kasa daga karkashinsa kirtani, sa'an nan kuma warware baya a cikin key. Wannan ya haifar da m jituwa tashin hankali da kuma saki.
  • Aikin pentatonic: FLT: 1 Yi amfani da ƙananan pentatonic sikelin ƙarami na uku a sama da tushen madaidaicin kirtani (misali, Eb ƙaramin pentatonic a kan C7) don samar da jujjuyawar jujjuyawar (b9, #9, b5, b13). Wannan sautin sa hannu ne na jazz da blues-rock na zamani.
  • Improvisation na polyrhythmic: Aikin improvisation a cikin ji na 3-a--4 (triplet takwas da 4/4 bugun jini) ko amfani da kwata-kwata-triplet don ƙirƙirar motsawar rhythmic. Wannan na iya zama mai ƙalubale sosai amma yana da tasiri sosai don ƙirƙirar maganganu na musamman.
  • Kara yin wasa ba tare da takunkumin jituwa ba: Saita lokaci na minti 2 kuma kuyi wasa kawai ta amfani da kunnen ku, barin barin sikelin da canje-canjen kide-kide. Wannan yana haɓaka kerawa, ya karya tsarin yau da kullun, kuma zai iya bayyana ainihin muryar kiɗa.
  • Canje-canje na Coltrane (Matakai na Giant): Yi amfani da arpeggios da alamu a kan sake zagayowar "Gigantic Steps" (babban uku). Wannan babban aiki ne a cikin fahimtar jituwa da kuma tunanin yatsun hannu.

Abubuwa na Ƙarshe Game da Gina Muryarka ta Jazz

Improvisation ba kawai game da yin licks ko gudu a sikelinshi ne game da gaya wani sirri labarin ta hanyar music. da motsa jiki a cikin wannan labarin ne kayan aikin gina your ƙamus da fasaha, amma da karshe burin shi ne ya bayyana your musamman music ideas da motsin rai da kuma tsabta. zama m: saurari da manyan da kuma sha su harshe, amma ko da yaushe tace shi ta hanyar your own murya.