Gabatarwa: Yin Tsayawa a Kan Duniya Biyu a Wurin Trombone

Jazz da kiɗa na gargajiya ana ganin su a matsayin tsibirai daban-daban a cikin duniyar kayan aiki, duk da haka trombone yana bunƙasa a duka. Yawancin masu magana da yawa da suka fi dacewa da fasaha a cikin tarihi sun samo asali daga al'adun biyu, suna yin tunani tare da ra'ayoyi don ƙirƙirar murya mai yawa, mai launi. Idan kai mai koyar da gargajiya ne wanda ke neman fadada yanayin magana, ko kuma mai kunna jazz wanda ke neman inganta iko da daidaito, haɗakarwar waɗannan hanyoyin na iya haɓaka ƙwarewar kiɗa sosai.

Wannan labarin ya bincika yadda za a yi amfani da fasaha na jazz trombone a hankali da inganci kamar sauƙin magana, magana mai yawa, rawar jiki, sautin sautin, da kuma tunanin haɓaka cikin yanayin gargajiya. Maimakon barin horo na gargajiya, makasudin shine a wadatar da shi da kai tsaye, launi, da kuma kai tsaye na motsin rai wanda jazz ke haɓaka a zahiri. Sakamakon shine mai kida mai cikakken gaske wanda zai iya ɗaukar kowane salo tare da gaskiya da zurfin.

Fahimtar Bambance-bambance da Kuma Saurayi

Kafin haɗuwa da fasaha, yana da amfani a gane inda jazz da trombone na gargajiya suka bambanta kuma inda suke da alaƙa. An gina wasan trombone na gargajiya akan tushen ƙayyadaddun intonation, ingancin sautin daidai a cikin rajista, tsananin bin ƙididdigar rubutu, da kuma ƙarfafawa mai ƙarfi akan rubutun legato. Ana sa ran mai wasan trombone na gargajiya ya aiwatar da motsi, magana, da sautin daidai kamar yadda mawaki ya nuna. Sautin da ya dace a cikin saitunan gargajiya galibi yana mai da hankali, mai da hankali, da daidaitaccen tsari a cikin kayan aiki.

Jazz trombone, akasin haka, yana ba da kyauta ga daidaitattun sauti, sassauci mai sauƙi, da haɓaka. Mai kunnawa na jazz yana tsara jimloli tare da sauƙi na tattaunawa, yana amfani da nau'ikan magana mai yawa (ciki har da magana da fatalwa, faduwa, da kuma doits), kuma galibi yana amfani da kwanciyar hankali, mai ɗagawa mai ɗagawa. Launin sautin zai iya bambanta sosai a cikin solo guda ɗaya, kuma ana iya lankwasa sautin don tasirin bayyanawa (sautin blue, sautin kwata).

Duk da waɗannan bambance-bambance masu ban mamaki, tsarin tushe na tushen iska, samar da bakin, sarrafa slide, da samar da sautin asali suna daidai. Mafi kyawun 'yan wasa a cikin filayen biyu suna da iko na musamman akan iska da zurfin haɗi tsakanin kunne da kayan aiki. Ganin wannan tushe na yau da kullun yana ba da damar amfani da ka'idodin jazz ga wasan kwaikwayo ba tare da sadaukar da mutuncin gargajiya ba.

Tarihin Fertilization na Ƙasar

Ya kamata a lura cewa yawancin mawaƙa masu ban mamaki sun ɓoye waɗannan layin. Figures kamar FLT:0:FLT:1:Jack Teagarden ya kawo waƙar, ingancin legato daga farkon horo na gargajiya zuwa cikin solo na jazz. Daga baya, mawaƙa kamar Bill Watrous:FLT:7 da Urbie Green:FLT:10 sun nuna cewa ingantaccen fasaha na gargajiya na iya ba da sabis ga mafi kyawun kayan aikin jazz. A gefen gargajiya, masu fasaha na zamani kamar Christian Lindberg sun haɗa da jazz-inspired glitz, vibrandi, da kuma wasan kwaikwayo na yau da kullun a cikin ayyukan su na yau da kullun kamar yadda suke da alama ba su da wani lokaci.

Mahimman fasahohin Jazz Trombone don Haɗa zuwa Wasanni na gargajiya

Wadannan fasaha suna cikin kayan aikin jazz trombonist. Lokacin da aka yi amfani da su, kowane zai iya ƙara sababbin matakan magana ga kundin gargajiya.

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  • Bayan daidaitaccen magana, jazz yana amfani da bayanan fatalwa (wanda ba a iya ji shi da wuya), harshen legato, harshen bugun jini, da kuma harshen doodle. Waɗannan suna ƙara launi da motsawa mai saurin sauti.
  • Slide Vibrato: Ba kamar na gargajiya lebe vibrato ko jaws vibrato, slide vibrato ya shafi wani subtle oscillation na slide, samar da wani fadi, warmer sautin karuwa manufa ga lyrical wurare.
  • FLT:0]]Rhythmic Feel da Syncopation: Jazz rhythms swing, amma ko da madaidaiciya guda amfana daga wani m gaba bugun jini da kuma wani lokaci off-beat azanci.
  • Fitarwa da Tsarin Dandatsa: 'Yan wasan jazz galibi suna amfani da tashin hankali mai ban mamaki, saukowa ba zato ba tsammani, da _messa di voce_ (suruwa a kan sautin guda) don ba da labari.
  • Kwarewar Improvisation: Ko da ba a yin improvisation ba, sanin yadda ake jin ci gaban kide-kide da kuma tsammanin shawarwari na waƙa yana ba da ƙarin tabbaci da magana da kayan ado.

Yin Amfani da Fassara Mai Sauƙi a Cikin Tarihin gargajiya

Sassan trombone na gargajiya, musamman a cikin saitin mawaƙa, galibi sun ƙunshi doguwar, rubutun waƙa ko siffofi masu maimaitawa. Ba tare da yin magana da gangan ba, waɗannan na iya zama masu saurin sauti. Jazz phrasing yana koya mana muyi tunanin kowane jumla a matsayin labari: farawa da sarari, gina tashin hankali, isa ga babban matsayi, da shakatawa zuwa ƙuduri.

Don yin wannan, zaɓi wani nau'i na gargajiya ko wani yanki (kamar Romanze daga wani Mozart serenade ko Bordogni vocalise). Rubuta kanka yana kunna shi kamar yadda aka rubuta, tare da tsauraran lokaci da daidaitaccen matakin motsi. Sa'an nan kuma sake kunna wannan ɓangaren, wannan lokacin yana ba da damar ɗan rubatopull baya a ƙarshen jumla, tura gaba kadan zuwa ƙaruwar. Yi amfani da numfashi don tsara bakan kowane layi. Kwatanta rikodin biyu. sigar ta biyu mai yiwuwa za ta ƙara jin ɗan adam, mai bayyanawa, da mai ɗaukar hankali.

Yana da muhimmanci a kasance mai mahimmanci. Yanayin gargajiya ba ya jure wa canje-canje masu yawa, amma ƙananan sassauci mai sauƙi a kan wani muhimmin rubutu, mai sauƙi mai sauƙi ta hanyar sikelin zai iya isa ya kawo waƙar rai ba tare da keta niyyar mawaki ba.

Ƙara Ƙarfafa Ƙarfafawa da Halin Sauti

Alamar magana ta gargajiya (staccato, legato, marcato, tenuto) suna da ƙarancin yawa. Masu wasan jazz suna amfani da ƙimar harshe mai kyau don cimma ra'ayi daban-daban. Misali, ana yin bayanin ghost a cikin harshe da sauƙi cewa kawai sauti mai bugun jini ko ƙarancin ƙarfi. Ana iya amfani da wannan fasaha a cikin sassan gargajiya don ƙirƙirar tasirin nesa ko asiri, musamman a cikin kundin zamani.

Wani amfani mai amfani shine harshen doodle (hanyar sauri, mai saurin yin magana da harshe biyu) wanda zai iya ƙara santsi mai sauƙi ga matakai masu sauri. Gwada amfani da harshen doodle zuwa saurin saurin sautin goma sha shida a cikin wani yanki na gargajiyaza ya zama mai saurin sauti kuma ba shi da ɗan rikici fiye da daidaitaccen harshen ta-ka.

Misali Mai Amfani: Wani Labari na Tsohon Al'umma

Ka yi la'akari da buɗe Trombone Solo daga Ravels _Boléro_. Waƙar tana buƙatar raira waƙa, inganci mai ɗorewa. Yawancin mawaƙa na gargajiya suna amfani da haɗin haɗin kai mai daidaituwa a cikin duka. Hanyar da aka yi amfani da jazz na iya farawa da rauni mai sauƙi, kusan murmushi (harshe na fatalwa a farkon bayanin kula), sannan ya kumbura zuwa sauti mai cike da ƙarfi, kuma ƙara ɗan slide vibrato a kan sautin da ya fi tsayi don kwaikwayon mawaƙa. Sakamakon ya fi dacewa kuma ba shi da inji.

Don motsa jiki mafi mahimmanci, ɗauki sauƙi mai sauƙi kuma ku bi ta hanyar nau'ikan magana guda biyar: misali detaché, harshen legato, bayanan fatalwowi, harshen doodle, da kuma tsananin tsananin staccato. Rubuta kuma saurari kowannensu. Wannan yana gina ginin magana don ku iya zaɓar zaɓi mafi mahimmanci don kowane lokacin kiɗa.

Yin Amfani da Slide Vibrato Don Ƙarfafa Ƙa'idar

Slide vibrato yana daya daga cikin abubuwa masu ban mamaki na jazz wanda zai iya canza wasan kwaikwayo na gargajiya. Ba kamar mafi yawan lambun lebe vibrato (wanda ke canza sautin ta hanyar canza matsa lamba a cikin buhun) ko jaw vibrato (wanda ke motsa jaw), slide vibrato yana haifar da fadi, jinkirin oscillation wanda ke sauti musamman dumi a kan ƙananan da matsakaiciyar lissafin lissafi.

Don yin motsa jiki na slide vibrato: riƙe da sautin sauti (da kyau a kusa da tsakiyar C zuwa G a sama da tsakiyar C). Don kiyaye lebe da jaws a kwance, a hankali motsa slide gaba da baya a kusa da rabin mataki a cikin jimlar motsi a cikin saurin kusan hudu zuwa shida a cikin dakika. Fara a hankali kuma a hankali ƙara gudun.

A cikin wasan kwaikwayo na gargajiya, yi amfani da slide vibrato a hankali. Yana aiki da kyau a kan dukan sautunan a ƙarshen jimloli, a kan layi masu saurin sauti (kamar a cikin Berlioz's _Hungarian March_ ko Wagner's _Tannhäuser_ buɗe), amma kauce masa a cikin saurin wucewa ko a cikin kiɗan Baroque inda vibrato galibi ana tanadin sautunan. Yin amfani da shi sosai na iya sauti mai banƙyama ko unidiomatic.

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Aikin rhythmic na gargajiya yana da tsananin ƙyama. Duk da haka, har yanzu zaka iya ɗaukar ra'ayin jazz na baya da bugun jini ko kafin bugun jini magana. Yin wasa kadan a baya da bugun jini a cikin jinkirin, rubutun rubutu na iya haifar da jin daɗin nutsuwa da faɗi. Yin wasa kaɗan a gaba a cikin wani ƙarfin hali na iya ƙara motsawa da gaggawa. Wannan ba swing bane, amma mai ladabi mai ladabi na grid mai ƙarawa mutum.

Sau da yawa ana yin amfani da motsi a jazz a cikin jumla guda ɗaya: _crescendo_ na iya farawa daga kusan komai, gina zuwa babban ƙaruwar, sannan ya faɗi ba zato ba tsammani. 'Yan wasan gargajiya na iya amfani da wannan fasaha ga dogon sautuka ko maimaitawa. Misali, a cikin motsi na biyu na Mozart Requiem (Trombone solo Tuba mirum), yawancin players suna riƙe da daidaitattun _mezzo forte_. Maimakon haka, gwada fara shigarwa tare da mummunan rauni _pianissimo_ kai hari, sannan kumbura zuwa cikakken _forte_ a ƙarshen jumla, sannan da sauri ya koma _piano_ a kan bayanin gaba. Wannan yana haifar da wasan kwaikwayo da labarin.

Ci gaban fahimtar ingantawa don aikin gargajiya

Improvisation na iya zama mara amfani ga mai wasan kwaikwayo na gargajiya wanda ke karanta kowane bayanin kula daga shafin. Duk da haka har ma da kiɗa mafi ƙarancin waƙa ya bar sarari ga zaɓuɓɓukan fassara: motsi, magana, ƙarancin sautin, ado (musamman a cikin kiɗa na Baroque). Fahimtar tsarin haɗin kai da kuma yiwuwar waƙa na wani yanki na iya ba da damar yin waɗannan zaɓuɓɓukan.

A sauki aiki: dauki wani gargajiya themekamar theme daga farko mataki na Rimsky-Korsakov trombone concerto ko Bordogni etudeda kuma gina wani gajeren improvisation ta yin amfani da kawai da chord sautunan (arpeggios) na da jeri. Kada ka damu game da stylistic tsarki; da burin shi ne ya ji yadda da waƙa aiki a cikin chord ci gaba. Wannan horar da kunnenka ga ji da harmonical motsi, wanda a mayar da damar ka saita da hakkin sautunan lokacin wasa da aka rubuta sashi.

Za ka iya kuma yi amfani da motsa jiki na kira da amsa: kunna sanduna biyu na waƙar da aka rubuta, sannan ka yi wasa da sandunan amsa biyu bisa ga daidaitattun sautin. Rubuta wannan kuma ka saurara.

Ayyuka na Aiki don Hada Jazz da Fasaha na gargajiya

A ƙasa akwai wasu darussa biyar da za su taimaka maka ka soma yin amfani da jazz a rayuwarka.

  1. Fassara Fassara: Zaɓi kowane irin nau'in gargajiya (Bordogni, Blazhevich, ko Kopprasch). Yi wasa da shi da farko kamar yadda aka rubuta. Sa'an nan kuma sake rubuta furcin a cikin salon jazz: ƙara alamun numfashi, tashin hankali, da kuma rubato mai laushi. Rubuta duka juzu'in don kwatanta tasirin magana.
  2. Matrix Matrix: A kan sikelin guda ɗaya (misali, B-flat major), kunna kowane sautin ta amfani da wani nau'i daban-daban daga jerin da ke ƙasa. Haɗa su cikin gudu guda ɗaya mai hawa da ƙasa. Juya tsarin kowace rana.
  3. FLT:0 Slide Vibrato Control: Saita metronome zuwa 60 BPM. A kan kowane sautin (tsakiya C, D, E, F, G), riƙe har sau hudu. Ƙara slide vibrato kawai a kan bugun uku. Yi aiki don fara vibrato a hankali da santsi ba tare da katse sautin core ba.
  4. Rhythmic Displacement: Take a classic snippet tare da wani barga takwas-nuffance pattern. Play shi kamar yadda aka rubuta, sa'an nan kuma sake buga shi da wani m syncopationaccent da off-beats (da and na kowane beat) yayin da rike da tempo m. Wannan horar da ciki bugun jini da kuma kara da sassauci.
  5. Improvisation on a Classical Chord Progression: (FLT: 1) Rubuta tsarin sautin wani ɗan gajeren yanki na gargajiya (misali, adagio mai sauƙi na Haydn). Yi sautin sautin sabon waƙa ta amfani da arpeggios kawai na minti biyu. Sa'an nan kuma komawa ga ɓangaren da aka rubutaza ku ga cewa yanke shawara game da furcinku sun fi sani.

Manyan Masu Fasaha da Suka Ƙetare Ƙage

Dubi misalai masu nasara na iya ba da gudummawar tafiyarku. Steve Turre an san shi da haɗuwa da haɓaka jazz tare da fasaha ta gargajiya, sau da yawa yana yin aiki tare da ƙungiyar mawaƙa. Christian Lindberg ya rubuta ayyukan jazz-influenced tare da babban tarihinsa na gargajiya.

Tsananin Tsananin da Za Mu Guji

Ko da yake yin amfani da irin wannan salon yana da amfani, wasu kurakurai za su iya hana ka ci gaba:

  • Fiye da kayan Jazz: Fiye da yawa slide vibrato ko wuce kima rubato na iya zama mara kyau a cikin yanayin gargajiya. Yi amfani da waɗannan dabaru a hankali kuma koyaushe tare da yanayin kiɗa a zuciya.
  • Rashin daidaito na gargajiya: Kada ku bari 'yancin rhythmic ya zama rashin hankali. Yarda da Jazz ya kamata ya haɓaka, ba maye gurbin, ikon ku na wasa a cikin lokaci mai tsauri ba. Yi aiki tare da metronome akai-akai.
  • Ignoring Style Rules: FLT:1 Wasu lokutan gargajiya (Baroque, Romantic na farko) suna da ƙa'idodi masu ƙarfi game da vibrato, magana, da ado. Bincike ya ba da labari game da aikin wasan kwaikwayon kafin amfani da ka'idodin jazz.
  • "Kara manta da Sautin Core: "Kara kula da abin da kake ƙarawa, koyaushe ka riƙe da sauti mai ma'ana.

Ƙarshe: Haɗa Ƙasa a matsayin Hanyar Ci Gaban Fasaha

Yin amfani da fasahar jazz trombone zuwa wasan kwaikwayo na gargajiya ba game da barin salon daya don wani ba ne. Yana da game da fadada muryar ku a matsayin mawaƙa. Jazz yana ba da kayan aiki don saurin kai, hanzari na motsin rai, da kuma ƙarfin rhythmic kayan aiki waɗanda zasu iya numfasa rayuwa har ma da sanannun wuraren gargajiya.

Mai wasan trombonist wanda zai iya motsawa cikin sauƙi tsakanin waɗannan duniyoyi ba kawai ya fi dacewa ba amma kuma ya fi ƙwarewa. Fara da ƙananan gwaje-gwaje: taɓawa na slide vibrato a ƙarshen dogon bayanin kula, siffar magana mai numfashi a cikin wani ɗakin karatu, wasu sandunan haɓaka a kan ci gaban kirtani.

Don ƙarin karatu game da haɗa waɗannan salon, bincika albarkatu daga Cibiyar Orpheus, wanda galibi ke ba da bita kan wasa tsakanin nau'ikan, ko bincika littattafan hanya kamar David Vinings _ Daily Routines for Trombone_ waɗanda ke haɗa kalmomin jazz cikin aikin yau da kullun. Hanyar da za a iya sarrafawa ba game da zaɓar salon ɗaya ba ne, game da koyon daga cikinsu duka.