Table of Contents

Ka Fahimci Matsayin Tarihi da na Yau na Tuba a Ƙungiyoyin Gasa

Tuba ita ce mafi ƙanƙanta memba na dangin mawaƙa na mawaƙa, wanda Wilhelm Wieprecht da Johann Moritz suka yi waftisma a 1835. An ƙirƙira shi ne saboda buƙatar muryar bass tare da saurin kai da bayyanar da ba ta da kayan aikin maciji da ophicleide na baya. A cikin ƙungiyar mawaƙa, rawar tuba ta samo asali ne daga sau biyu kawai na bass trombone zuwa zama haɗin kai da daidaitaccen abin da ke tsara dukkanin kayan aikin.

Ƙungiyoyin zamani na ƙarfe, daga ƙungiyoyin ƙarfe na Burtaniya zuwa ƙungiyoyin iska na Amurka, suna sanya tuba a kan daidai da sauran sassan. Ba ku ne kawai babban bass ba. ku ne manne da ke ɗaure matakan haɗin kai da injin da ke motsa saurin. Fahimtar wannan yanayin tarihi zai taimake ku ku fahimci nauyin da ɓangarenku ke ɗauka a kowane gwaji da wasan kwaikwayon.

  • Harmonic Foundation: FLT:1 Your dogon sautunan da bass Lines ƙayyade da tonality na kowane kirtani, kyale mafi girma kayan kida yi wasa da yardar kaina.
  • Rhythmic stability: Tuba sassa sau da yawa jaddada farko da na uku beats na wani ma'auni, kasa da ensembles bugun jini.
  • Yarfafawar motsi: Tuba mai kyau na iya yin shiru a ƙarƙashin wani wuri mai mahimmanci ko yin kuka a lokacin da ya kai ga ƙarshe ba tare da mamaye kayan ba.

Ka Ƙware Ka Yi Kula da Hatsunka da Kuma Taimako a Cikin iska

Domin tuba tana bukatar kusan sau uku na iska fiye da ƙaho, ba za a iya yin amfani da ita ba wajen sarrafa numfashi.

Yadda Ake Homawa a Hanyar Homa

Yawancin 'yan wasa suna dogara da numfashi mai zurfi na kirji, wanda ke iyakance ƙarfin da ke haifar da tashin hankali. Don canzawa zuwa numfashi na diaphragmatic, kwanta a baya tare da littafi a cikin ciki. Yayin da kake numfashi, littafin ya kamata ya tashi; yayin da kake numfashi, ya kamata ya sauka. Da zarar ka ji dadi, yi wannan yayin tsaye tare da tuba. Ka yi niyyar numfashi na dakika huɗu, sannan kuma numfashi na biyu goma sha shida (yi amfani da metronome a 60 bpm don daidaito).

  • Aikin motsa jiki mai tsawo: Zaɓi bayanin kula a cikin rijistar tsakiya (misali, F a ƙarƙashin sandar). Ka riƙe shi na 1216 seconds a mezzo-forte, mai da hankali kan iska mai ɗorewa. Ƙara tsawon mako-mako.
  • ]Gidan motsa jiki na numfashi: Hatsuwa zuwa cikakken ƙarfin, sannan ku hura iska ta cikin hakoranku har tsawon lokacin da ya yiwu, kuna riƙe da matsin lamba.
  • Furasa gini: Ɗauki jinkirin, waƙa mai sauƙi kamar motsi na biyu na Vaughan Williams Tuba Concerto. Yi wasa da shi a numfashi ɗaya, sannan a hankali rage saurin har sai kun kammala dukan jumla ba tare da numfashi ba.

Yin Amfani da Air Don Gudanar da Dynamics da Register

Saurin iska ba matsa lamba na bakin ba yana ƙayyade nasarar ku a cikin manyan da ƙananan masu rijista. Don ƙananan sautin, hango iska mai zafi, mai jinkiri a cikin babban wuta. Don manyan sautin (eh, tubas suna da babban rijista!), hango iska mai sanyi, mai sauri ta hanyar ƙaramin tsami. Yi amfani da wannan canjin ta hanyar kunna babban sikelin B-flat na biyu-octve, farawa daga tushe (BB-flat) da motsawa sama. Ci gaba da buɗe kurkukunku da kafaduwanku.

Ka Ƙirƙiri Sautin da Zai Dace da Sautinka

Fat da round suna da adjectives kowane mai kunnawa tuba ya kamata ya yi ƙoƙari don. A tuba sauti cewa shi ne ma haske ko ma nasal zai fita a cikin wani tagulla ensemble, yayin da wani wuce kima duhu sauti iya rasa projection.

Ci gaban Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙ

Ya kamata a kwantar da hanci a bakin, kuma a yi taurin bakin, amma ba a yi taurin kai ba. Ka bi hanya ta matakai uku: (1) Ka sanya bakin a tsakiyar lebe, tare da rabo na 60/40 na lebe na sama zuwa kasa a cikin rim. (2) Ka numfasa da kyau, ka numfasa a hankali. (3) Ka saita bakin kuma ka busa, ka guji duk wani kwatsam na jaws. Ka yi amfani da bakin da ke busawa da kansa kafin ka haɗa tuba ka yi niyyar yin busawa da ke kama da jirgin mota, ba ya yi ihu ba.

Yadda Za a Yi Amfani da Fitar Fitar Fitar Fitar Fitar Fitar Fitar Fitar Fitar Fitar Fitar Fitar Fitar Fitar Fitar Fitar Fitar Fitar Fitar Fitar Fitar Fitar Fitar Fitar Fitar Fitar Fitar Fitar Fitar Fitar Fitar Fitar Fitar Fitar Fitar Fitar Fitar Fitar Fitar Fitar Fitar Fitar Fitar Fitar Fitar Fitar Fitar Fitar Fitar Fitar Fitar Fitar Fitar Fitar Fitar Fitar Fitar Fitar Fitar Fitar Fitar Fitar Fitar Fitar Fitar Fitar Fitar Fitar Fitar Fitar Fitar Fitar Fitar Fitar Fitar Fitar Fitar Fitar Fitar Fitar Fitar Fitar Fitar Fitar Fitar Fitar Fitar Fitar Fitar Fitar Fitar Fitar Fitar Fitar Fitar Fitar Fitar Fitar Fitar Fitar Fitar Fitar Fitar Fitar Fitar Fitar Fitar Fitar Fitar Fitar Fitar Fitar Fitar Fitar Fitar Fitar Fitar Fitar Fitar Fitar Fitar Fitar Fitar Fitar

Matsalar sautin sauti sau da yawa ta samo asali ne daga rashin sauti maimakon fasaha ta yatsan hannu. Yi amfani da sautin drone (daga aikace-aikace ko na'urar sautin) wanda aka saita zuwa tushen maɓallin da kake wasa. Yi wasa da kowane sautin sikelin a kan drone kuma saurari sautin bugun jini. Gyara ƙofarku, saurin iska, da matsayi na slide (ko haɗuwa da bawul) har sai bugun jini ya ɓace. Wannan aikin yau da kullun zai inganta kunnen ku kamar yadda sautin ku.

Ƙa'idar Ƙa'idar Ƙa'idar Ƙa'idar Ƙa'idar Ƙa'idar Ƙa'idar Ƙa'idar Ƙa'idar Ƙa'idar Ƙa'idar Ƙa'idar Ƙa'idar Ƙa'idar Ƙa'idar Ƙa'idar Ƙa'idar Ƙa'idar Ƙa'idar Ƙa'idar Ƙa'idar Ƙa'idar Ƙa'idar Ƙa'idar Ƙa'idar Ƙa'idar Ƙa'idar Ƙa'idar Ƙa'idar Ƙa'idar Ƙa'idar Ƙa'idar Ƙa'idar Ƙa'idar Ƙa'idar Ƙa'idar Ƙa'idar Ƙa'idar Ƙa'idar Ƙa'idar Ƙa'idar Ƙa'idar Ƙa'idar Ƙa'idar Ƙa'idar Ƙa'idar Ƙa'idar Ƙa'idar Ƙa'idar Ƙa'idar Ƙa'idar Ƙa'idar Ƙa'idar Ƙa'idar Ƙa'idar Ƙa'idar Ƙa'idar Ƙa'idar Ƙa'idar Ƙa'idar Ƙa'idar Ƙa'idar Ƙa'idar Ƙa'

Mai kunna tuba da ke ƙazantar da kowane juyi yana sa ƙungiyar ta yi sanyin gwiwa.

Hanyar Yin Magana

  • Harshe Legato: Yi amfani da layin doo mai laushi, yana kiyaye iska mai gudana.
  • Harshe na Staccato: Yi amfani da wani tah mai haske tare da gajeren sautin. Yi aiki akan bayanin kula F (layin na huɗu na maɓallin bass) a ƙimar kwata = 80, sannan a hankali ƙara saurin yayin da yake riƙe da tsabta.
  • ]Marcato: ] Ƙarfafa harin tare da dah ko tah da ƙananan tura iska mai amfani ga fanfares da hits masu ƙarfi.
  • Haruffa ta-ka-ta-ka don saurin sautin 16th. Fara a hankali (ƙaddara ta huɗu = 50) a kan sautin guda ɗaya, sannan a yi amfani da shi a kan sikelin. Haruffa ta uku tana amfani da ta-ta-ta-ka don ma'aunin haɗuwa.

Ayyukan Metronome don Cikakkiyar Rhythmic

Saita metronome don danna kan bugun jini 2 da 4 (baya) maimakon 1 da 3. Wannan yana tilasta muku jin ƙarancin bugun jini da kuma haɗewa ko haɗuwa. Yi amfani da ɓangarorin ƙungiyar kamar layin bass a tafiyar Sousa ko sautin skank na salon reggae kowane sashi inda rarrabuwa yana da mahimmanci. Sanya saurin zuwa rabin saurin kuma kunna tare da cikakken daidaito kafin ƙarawa.

Ka Inganta Matsayin da Za Ka Iya Yin Aikin

Mutane da yawa da suke wasa da tuba suna zaune da kayan aiki a kan kafafu, kuma hakan zai iya sa ƙwanƙolin iska su rushe idan nauyin ya yi daidai ba.

  • Matsayi na zaune: Zauna gaba a kan wani kwance, mai ƙarfi kujera. Kafin ƙafafunka su kasance a ƙasa, nisa daga kugu.
  • Matsayi na tsaye (sousaphone ko tuba na wasan kwaikwayo): (FLT: 1) Yi amfani da madauri ko tsayayyen tsayayye wanda ke canja wurin nauyi zuwa kafadu, ba baya ba. Ka riƙe kirjinka a sama da kafadu baya.
  • Sautin kararrawa: Ka nuna kararrawa a gaba da sama ba kai tsaye a saman bene ba, wanda zai iya sa sauti ya sake komawa baya kuma ya ɓoye jin ku na ƙungiyar.
  • Matsayin hagu: Don tubas na bawul mai juyawa, kiyaye hannun hagu a kwance akan kwandon bawul, ta amfani da yatsun yatsun maimakon yatsun yatsun. Guji riƙe kayan aiki da ƙarfi.

Ka Inganta Ƙwarewar Sauraro da Kuma Hadawa

Yin wasa a cikin ƙungiyar ƙarfe tattaunawa ce, ba magana ba. Tuba dole ne ta saurari bass trombone (idan akwai), timpani, da babban ƙaho don kulle cikin sautin da sautin.

Yadda Za Ka Saurari

  • Sauraron tsaye: Ji na kirtani daga kasa zuwa sama. Raira tuba, sa'an nan kuma ƙarar trombone a sama, sa'an nan kuma ƙaho, sa'an nan kuma ƙaho. Wannan yana horar da kunnenka don sanya sautinka daidai a cikin kirtani.
  • Sauraron kwance: Ka mai da hankali kan layin bass trombone ko tuba a cikin wata murya. Yi koyi da magana da siffar sautin don haɗa sashi.
  • A cikin ƙungiyar mawaƙa na mawaƙa na 5, tuba yawanci ya kamata ta yi wasa a ƙarar ƙarar ƙasa da abin da hankalin ku ya ba da shawara. Misali, idan mai jagora ya nemi forte, kunna mezzo-forte mai ƙarfi har yanzu zaku yi aiki saboda ƙarfin kayan aikin ku.

Yin Rikodi da Yin Bincike

Ka saita makirufo guda ɗaya a ɗakin gwaji kuma ka rubuta kanka a waya. Ka kwatanta sautinka da na rikodin sana'a na wannan yanki. Ka lura da inda kake son ja (wanda ya saba wa masu kunna tuba) ko gudu (wanda ba shi da yawa amma yana da matsala iri ɗaya). Ka yi jerin abubuwan da za a bincika: intonation, magana, daidaitaccen motsi, da kuma magana.

Ka Ƙara Ƙarin Maganganun Kiɗa da Fasaha

Sau da yawa, masu kunna tuba kawai suna yin aiki da sassa na ƙungiyar kuma suna rasa damar yin nazarin wallafe-wallafen solo wanda ke gina zurfin fasaha da kiɗa. Koyon tenor-keyf ko karanta tsohuwar rubutu (kamar ƙaho na Faransanci a F) na iya buɗe sabbin sassa.

  • Littattafan Solo: The Vaughan Williams Tuba Concerto, John Williams s Tuba Concerto, da kuma Sonata na Hindemith suna haɓaka magana, sassauci, da kewayon.
  • Bayanan waƙa: Bayanan motsa jiki daga Berlioz's Hungarian March, Mahler's Symphony No. 1 (bas solo na uku), da kuma Prokofiev's Lieutenant Kijé don fahimtar yadda tuba ke aiki a cikin mahallin mawaƙa.
  • A cikin al'adar ƙungiyar jan ƙarfe ta Burtaniya, sashin tuba (bass) yana wasa a cikin E-flat da B-flat. Koyi fassarar kuma yi aiki da unisons na sassa da yawa don inganta haɗuwa.

Ka Yi Nasara ga Matsalolin da Suka Shafi Mutane

Ko da masu wasan da suka ƙware suna yin abin da zai ɓata wa ƙungiyar rai.

  • Fitar da sauti mai girma tare da matsin lamba mai yawa yana haifar da sautin kwance, mai ƙyama. Yi imani da iska kuma bari kayan aiki ya yi murya.
  • Yin watsi da matakan hutawa: Lissafin hutawa yana da mahimmanci kamar wasa. Tafafar ƙafafunku, ji bugun jini, kuma ku sake shiga bayan hutawa tare da amincewa.
  • Bayyana ƙananan rajista: [1] Masu kunna tuba galibi suna motsawa ne kawai a tsakiyar da kuma saman zangon.
  • Fassarar murabba'i: [1] Kungiyar Brass ta ƙuntata sau da yawa buƙatar fitar da layi a fadin layin bar. Guji buga kowane downbeat tare da babban ma'ana tallafawa yanayin yanayin sautin maimakon.

Shirye-shiryen Tunanin da Kuma Ayyukan

Abubuwan da ke tattare da tuba na jiki na iya haifar da damuwa game da wasan kwaikwayon, musamman a cikin solo ko ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan.

  • Aikin numfashi: Minti biyar kafin wasa, yi numfashin akwatin numfasa 4 ƙidaya, riƙe 4, fitarwa 4, riƙe 4. Maimaita sau biyar.
  • Hoto mai kyau: Hoto mai kyau na sauti mai zurfi da sauti mai ƙarfi da kuma jagorar da ke amincewa da ƙwanƙwasawa.
  • Saurari rikodin da aka fi so na babban mai kunna tuba (misali, Roger Bobo, Øystein Baadsvik, ko Carol Jantsch) kafin atisaye don kulle ra'ayin sautin ku.

Ka Ci Gaba da Yin Kayan Waƙarka don Ka Yi Nasara

Idan ka manta da tufafin da aka yi da kyau, za ka iya yin amfani da su don ka ƙara yawan jikinka.

  • Tsabtace yau da kullun: Flt:1 Swab fitar da babban saitin saiti bayan kowane aikin motsa jiki don cire danshi. Gudanar da goge mai sassauƙa ta hanyar bututun gubar kowane wata.
  • Kula da bawul: bawul na juya mai tare da mai mai na inji mai haske (misali, Hetmans #12) kowace kwana biyu zuwa uku. Don bututun piston, yi amfani da man bawul mai kauri wanda aka tsara don manyan kayan aiki.
  • Fata mai zamewa: Yi amfani da mai mai mai zane mara guba, ba mai mai ba ga duk slides masu daidaitawa, musamman babban slide na daidaitawa da slide na uku na bawul. motsa su kowace rana don hana kamawa.
  • Ayyukan sabis na sana'a: Sau ɗaya a shekara, ɗauki tuba zuwa ƙwararren masanin kayan kwalliya don cikakken tsabta, cire ƙura, da kuma duba daidaitawa.

Ayyukan bitar, darussan koyarwa, da kuma na al'umma

Koyon daga wasu yana sa ka yi girma. Ka halarci taron karafa kamar taron kasa da kasa na tuba da euphonium (ITEC) ko taron karafa na kasa. Ka halarci bitar bitar karafa na gida inda za ka iya taka leda tare da gogaggen mawaƙa. Jami'o'i da yawa suna kuma karɓar bakuncin darussan bazara na karafa mai yawa wanda ke mai da hankali musamman ga wasan kwaikwayo.

Ƙungiyoyin kan layi a dandamali kamar TubaForums ko BrassBand.co.uk suna ba da shawara game da kayan aiki, fassarar sassan, da kuma aikin wasan kwaikwayon tarihi.

Ka Biɗi Manufa Musamman

Ba tare da maƙasudai masu aunawa ba, ci gaba zai yi wuya.

  • Manufar wannan makon: Zan yi waƙa da kide kide Toplady daga farko zuwa ƙarshe ba tare da yin rawar jiki a kan dogon sautin ba.
  • Manufar wannan watan: Zan shirya ɓangaren bass na Bach Komm, süsser Tod BWV 478 don ƙungiyar mawaƙa kuma in rubuta wasan kwaikwayo don raba tare da sashin na.
  • Manufar wannan kakar: Zan yi aiki a gaban masu sauraro tare da tawagar, da sanin cewa tushe na ya sa ƙungiyar ta kasance mai haɗin kai.

Ka rubuta waɗannan maƙasudai a katin kuma ka saka su a cikin akwatin tuba. Ka sake duba su kafin ka soma motsa jiki don ka mai da hankali.

Ka Karɓi Hakkinka a matsayin Karkace

Kowane darektan ƙungiyar zai gaya muku: mai amincewa, mai shirya tuba yana haɓaka matakin ƙungiyar duka. Ba wai kawai kuna wasa da sautunan ba ne kawai kuna samar da tushe wanda aka gina jituwa da sautin. Ta hanyar sarrafa numfashi, sautin, magana, da kuma fahimtar ƙungiyar, kuna canzawa daga mai karanta sautin zuwa sautin zuwa jagora na kiɗa wanda ke sa ɓangaren tagulla ya zama ɗaya da ƙarfi.

Don ƙarin karatu game da al'adun ƙungiyar tagulla da fasahar tuba, duba mujallar yanar gizo ta Horn Society don labarai game da amfani da tuba na tarihi, ko kuma ɗakin karatu na International Tuba da Euphonium Association don nazarin ilimin ilimi na shahararrun malamai kamar Arnold Jacobs da Harvey Phillips.